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ξңҵ֣ƹҵݣǽ˸ҵĴţңҵҵǳƣң˸ҵƣңѽʱ
ҵǸеĳƹȹΪʥӵһĽޱȵҽ


Ш

ҴӲ֪ΪʲôϣΩҼҵĵñŮҪɫÿֶĿޱȡ
峺ˮϵӡݣ˫üƯֱͦ촽ȻЩȵ̺죬ɴηƱˣһȻûȴǹƯݡ
ֱдļۻ˳˫ĿƤɫڵİ𪾧ӨϸֽСҲкӡ
Һƣ
뵱ˣ롣
Һͦθߴ˶ɫӺĹͭǸӢԵ
ΪʲôҾƫƫеأûеǣòĶ͵һأѵ˵ҳñȽȥףԲټ̳˵ΰ˵ζҵÿ˶˵ҳùɫĽҺˡ
ѶŮ˵ʹõͷˣһô֤ʵҵӺţư
ңͳɤ䵭
̾Ľͤڣͤĳɫˡ
ĺܳɫʵ߽ͦһſüͦ㣬˫ɢһĿͰԵɭĮϢȾˡ
κ˼ĵһ۶᲻ĵײ޷ܵηӡ
̾ҴۣƵǰֱƹһ18껹½ǶȲϵ׵
ôˣĮĿһ˿ҲûУûпֻǱͤڣɢȻų⡣
ĸ߼ܷͤѾˣԲλͷӰĵֵԭɣ̵תͤ⣬ȡ
ƹĵط͹ڱõİض˸޷ߵȡ鱾ϵ棬ƹȾ˵Դɾһ18꣬Ҳġ
ûֻǳĬţƵȻʼѹ֡
֪ҵҪһģҺƣֻҪ֪ҵ˶ƵʱҾԻ˶һƣÿ鲻õʱ򣬴ҶĴӴܣӰӶ῿ʮڡ
ȡǺܽ˵һǹȱƣΨһ̳˶ûȨ˽
þõòػͤڵѹָԽԽأ̾ϢŽͷϱͤһֱͤ˫ۻĺеˡ
ģƵ˼žȥɡ
Сɵӷɵһ˵ǿԶ롣
΢΢ۣһҰգΪʲôĿĴﵽˣһôأ




һ

ξңҵ֣ƹҵݣǽ˸ҵĴţңҵҵǳƣң˸ҵƣңѽʱ
Ŷ̶̳Ȳ£Ҿ͵óһѵ֣ã˸ҳƺΪС㣬һһӡȥ
ԭ֪ƹȵģƹȲǴϵΪĻݲݽϺϡٵҩƷҵǸеĳƹȹΪʥӵһĽޱȵҽ˵ҽɻģҲȻҽģʥԶ˲֪˲
ÿȥƹҽȴŶ룬ڰ˱ȱ˵࡭ϡٵļ˳ҽκõȴƹȹжøĽҲø˰װ׶
￴˵ıԶԶҪҽ˵ıҪǿ
Σǿ˲ˣΪͣյĿꡣ
ƹǶӻŮ̳ξٵϡ
룬ҵʵҪǸӣԴСŻҲǡҥУҵ㲻ȤδкȢŵϱҵʱѲˣһڵ˵Ǵ鹹ĺ
ΪңС󣬾סͬһʮ첻Ӱʱ¡Һ۰ҵ˶Ҳˣֵǣȴҵ˭ҲҪ
ѵѪԵԷƨɣȥ
֪ǲǱ֪ӺʱҵĸԽԽ6 ǰǿҪǺͣʲôҪʲôûоˡ
ҵϲһģԸûļ¼ʧһ꣬һʹͺʱ¶ѡ
룬һӦòҵĴǶӵŮӦòҵĴ
ɡưΪʲôҾǸŮأǸӣ᲻࿴һۣұΪŵʱ᲻ҵͷһ
עǸŮˣеģ᲻ҲٲȥʵװʵҪĶӣһİ㲻˵ŮôҲ޷ΪˣǵָĮֿ˰ɣ
ſµĺ̺ϣҺƵ̾Ϣ18꣬Ҵӹܵˣ޷ҵ
ɬವķɹӰԲǸһȵСССȸС䣬ΪҵƣĸʱǰͲ֪ӵȥˡ
봹ۣҶҲοе˷ȥۼɢȥܿĻһ徲Ŀռ䣬Ȼһ˯ʱһѪ۵Ӷïֱܵˤҵ̺ԱߣɺʪȵѪһεϡ
̵̧ĨͻȻҺ壬ۣѪϴɵ˫ۣ˺ܾúܾãŲԸƲƲ죬ûУڵ˻û
죬˻Ƶѵ³㲻Ǵô
գĶ˵ôȣȻҵǿ԰ҽɻģҲУаѧ̫Һ¹Եճѧʡ
ڵʲô˵ֻʣһˣȻܸ졣
ĺ˺ۣڵҾ㡣Ȼȷʣƣ̫ǲǣ
ȳһѪ޵Ťһ£ܸɴȾҡ
ΪʲôҶһҲϿҵķЦ⣿ɻգҲʲԸԺɰȡĴָСİӣģܱһ죬˰ϴɾˣٿˡջָ·ϲ˲ſҵ̺ơ
ʺǰҩȥˣʱ˳˲٣Ҳ̫⸽кôҿԼȥϴ㿴ҵˡ
ƳһۣǲǣĵһûϵûٸӲˣ
ĬȻЦˣǺƽΣ
ۣڿڴ˸Ƿʶ㡣ҳΪɢģҲ˳㸺һķ˸ûûʱҲʲôѡ
Ц³Ѫ޵ĵңҽѣ֪κ¶ɡ
΢΢һϸбƾʲô㣿˵ʲôУ벻ҪΪŵװľǣһ˭֪εƭӻʲô
Ц㲻ҪôҲ
ԴĿҶ࿴һۣʼ˼ʲôʱ˵Ҫˣιֻ˵˿ˣû˵һҪ㡣
ӸɴࣺһҪҡ
֪ǲǴ˫Ц⡣üͷҪЦҡ
ûгЦ㣬ֻǺϲĸԡ
ôɵĳ̾ˣҵĸҪϲͺˡȫӦ۰ҵĵͲôӲӽңֲҵĴûм̳ӢҲҵĴƾʲôңѵҵʱʱȫһӵı顣
˭ģʡ
ǰҵܰұôܴ󷽵ĸ𰸡
еŤƢҳ߰
һС͵ദķʽҾӦҵƢȻİͳţҷǳǲڶڼҡƹ򣬷˸ˣ֮гٰ꣬˼Եøȥ롣
ٶȳĬ֪ǲǻˡ
ƵıۣҲٴˡ
һʱĸݵȸ䶼ˣڿиѪ˶ʱɵʾҺ˰ȥϴٰҿ˿ڡ
˵úأ˾綾弸õģѲҡ
˼Ĺ˿ȫãСǸƵļʱͣҰſɹ̫
ֹ죬ǸкƽԼˡ
ƤӿǰߴʡʹҼӣеĽҲܳӣһ᲻Ұɣ
̺ǰһ𽥻ָݺӢҲţ˫ңЦʲô֣
ңҽңƵĴۣȥ۵Ӣ˲
Цˣãң޵˹ȫָʾ
˸ҪȷľܾһţЩĻκǣ
һҲȵңЦҸִĿĵأңұ뱨𡣡
ζʮƣ㡣ĽԴȥҲദˣҲմȾһЩƣһŮ˵᣿
֪ǲǺƽĳ̫Եʣڵһ·ϣ˺ܶ࣬۰ҹдѵǰ
˵˱ͨ˸·ɱȡһصڲʱ˶һصҵյ㣬ȥŻ
ôҶνۺƽȸ䣬ŵûһͨŵңɴڰȻƵؼ䣬ĳ˼ٷĸơ
ҹԭ˿
ڴϣ۶ƣܴԽȸ˼ûУ˿϶֮һ
Ӧ鿴û߱ӵİɣĴûйڴ϶Ҳĵ˳ȥ󣬻˯ߵİ
ߵǰˣںҹ˺ܾá
ƹȲеҩζɢڱǶˣܺţûŹΣȴԼǱʶǿȵļסֻΪĵϲеζ
ü
ȴֲڵĴͻȻסҵ˫ۣһûü˼ôµʱůʲôѹҵĴ
ȵƿۣκֻоԼĽëˢֻסߵơ
ȵıϢϣϵѹأʼĦ֪һ㣬ʪʲôȻֿҵĴ꣬̽ҵڡ
ڸʲô΢΢ȴʪڿǻƶ˰죬ź֪ķǺͷͷôϵӦĳ˵죬ڽеĶݳǡ
ΪʲôҪһ˵ǣո̧֣˫ֵȴȺͬһֻסҵͷеľҵҺȻһ˿𡭡
ڽҼٴϢʱһɳֵͳૣң
ǵ
Ȼۣڿһˡ
־ȵĸԼ͵Ĵ꣬ͷűϯЩ΢ʹﻹŲҵζոҾԲΣǵĺûأҲֻ֪еŻ˻ҡ
ڳƹȣôڻң
ǸԸ⿴һ۵ĵ
ɻ±˫ۣԳ֮ǳߣڹһ˯;Ӳɳ˹Ⱥκϸ΢춼ȻѡĲͬȻҷ˯ң
пǵô
Ȼǵô
ϸ΢ȸԾˣǵǲζʵҵģǰҵӿģȲΪʲôԼĶǵһ뵽пܲҵģϲþĵɢͷ
ٿҹҺºЬӾͳݡ
˯ССȸŴſڵСС䣬ұǾȵĶһۣӣ
ҵǲǣеĴССʱԺֻӵһĿȻǸƽһҲίѡ˲񷿵ңڵΧκӰ
ССȸŲ̫׷һȵ
ССҡͷƵҲŵûаû˿
šü̿ͶûУôܣΪƽУɱʱ޿̲ðҹɱֻ۵ĺʱ
ССҡͷûУܰûа̿š
ǵһˡûɱţ϶ΪԵʡƿǣţܳԶɵֻǹĮĺڰû˿̡
ӣĸµȸһһͷԡ
ѵÿһ׹䣬ΣΪ̫ӶĻξɬӿĬĬۣЦˣԭҵԻôԻỼûʧȻ֪ԶӵеģȻѧƭԼ
̧ˣı
ӣȸ䵣ĵΧסҡ
û¡ǳǳЦҴԺڣԼݣŹȵҺҲ޷ƵĴʹ˫ۣա
̧סԼЦԼǸ׳ա
ʢ̩񰲣ٸԹŸУȷѪ꣬ǡ
ĵĿźƽһŸտµԴߵһȥ˸Ƿǲȥ˸ˣȥ޵ɡŨѪζڷɢǲôǱٸˣȥοɲֵá
ƽϵѪջؽʣҵĻȵתң㲻ҵ޵ô
ûȡʽʲô˹ȣëȻˡ
Ǻã߰ɡˬ죬ֱӵĴӦ
ȸ˷ܣͷһسȵǶʲôܸȤɱ˶ֵܿʹѧĸֶΣȻһȽʱļкβͬ㡣
ƶԻسڵơ
ǰĹξҺ˯ţȻûĵԽԽľıۣʼ˼룬һ˳ȣҺ˵棬᲻ܿģ
᲻ȢȻҵĵõ˸ӣӴԶһй۵㡪ҡ׵Ժ󣬾
üͷ̧Լ˲ؿڣóЩ΢͹ߡ̾ϢŽƵ˫ȼ䣬õӰزˣҲ˵츳ɣ
ЦԼĻ뷨ͻȻľ𺳺ͷٶϤɱԼ˼ߣоԼĨЦĻꡣ
һѳľ޴΢΢
ƽ𣺡췭ˣ㷢ʲôûͱȸߵһȥĸΪĵιػס
ͷԶɬƣߵѪɽͲп˺ɱ벻ҵҲҵ񣬾ҼȥյεȴôҲ޷жһУǻҵģġ
ͻȻĸɫɴϿգһʵı۰εסҵ
һҲϤȴڼĵҩζɢϱǶˣɢҵ˲عԣ𾪵ۣסҵˣһңһôôôᱧסңôᡭ
ǿýģɢŨŨĿܡһۣһ۽׿Զ⣬ƫĮϿᡣ
סƮȻأҴ³ĽëĿںơǷҲڵͦοˣƿߣǰλñʮòϱ˿âɽ
ԭֻĹͷŻ᲻ѵĿ
϶ʮʬȸ乧ĳȥӡ
ڵĵ߽ӰҰ񣺡ӡ
ȣʹ￴ȸǺܵӵĺˡģޱȡ
Ψһվߣƽ߹ĿƣЦŹֱȭºƽл֮
ÿҲܵǱߵĮ⣬ָǰҶԻұ˱ۣˡ̵صʬѣȻס
ӣֺµȸͬʱ
ҺƣƵĵͷʬһֻסҵ°ڣҲֹΪʲôǸĵỽһ
` ƽ󲽹һնֻ֣ҲԴҵ°ڣѽŪˡָѩײϵѪӡӡ
̧ۿһͷ׳ʮ㣬ӡ
תͷһĮĵԵԶߣ΢Цˣ벻ҪŮŮҲӣ᲻΢һ㣿
񱩵壬ֱӺӵңȥ
ȥһɫµ׻ȸ䡣
һӣؼֻʣɵȸңĪĺƽ
нҪˣƽЦʡ
ɨһۣ죬ûˡһҲȤҪĶӡ
ȸ߶µ߹У죬ӣˡ
ôƵɨһۣ̾Ϣű˫ֳ︡ף
Żٶ޵ߣҵӵͷԷ򽭺ӣֻΪżޱȵо·;У߾ϰ࣬Ҳҵͷδ˳ޱȡ
ãҵıӦҽ
ǣںƽɱ޵ͽʱұΧӿ˳Ƶ͸¶ÿ˵õҵز٣ڶӵĻᡣ
֪Ҫ˵һĲۣҲܻ죬뿪Ƶ硣
֪ҿʼˡ
ԭΪڳƹǿʱõһƣ㷴ӦҲûеľʹӦˣ˳İңԶĵطڲûȥ
ȻΣյʱȲѵͻȻð˳һСž͸ճ˾綾һ㽫ӿ
ʵǲӦøлķϻȣûԹ۵ĽңΪѵԳ֡
ΪʲôԽԽأһĵ䣬ʲôȻҰٻóɫʲôֻʣ˺׺ͻң
˳ͽո޵ĺƽĳŵǱϣиҵͷʱȻĴЦʵѧӦҽɣ
ͷɫף
Ũüôˣ˵ǲǲˣ
ҡͷ³ޣ̲ŪǰĲˡһʱǰȸǾί˺ƽտҺܵò֪Ӱڿջĵš
ͻȻ֣ӲǶҵ°ͣң˵㣬⣬ûϵҪԼߵġ
飬𴽽ǣ޵жǿ
⣬ǻش𣺡ǿǽǿɱ֯
ƿ֣ס°֪ͣƹô
ܾȵüë֪ҵĶҩҩأʥĵ̣û֪ʲôط
գգۣЦˣҸصȵķʽҰ˰ɡ
üëҺһŵøκζһᴫ󵼵ԣȥ
ܴĿӣ˴ϵĻȣĴۣͺˡ̾ˣʹͷ䴦ͺˡǸӾͺˡ
ǰ˸·ϣƽһֱ뷽跨Ķ˵ǲɹԵĴܣȸڿ۵͵͵ҵһֱԽȰԽ֣һã͸һȥ
ƽֱӵǲʱҵͷûҽԶԶôûĵݺҡ
ƽۣҵļ򣬡һҲôģٵ˰ɣ˷ôƯ
ʶ۵̧ԻףĽҳһ㶼еô
Цûеĳôÿġ
ЩջЩȣҵͱҺÿ
ץץ°ͣŬ룬ʵҾȽ硣Цúܿʵ˵ǸӢˣͬһ͵ģûǷѹ˵ơ
֪ơɵ죬ǣܾúܾǰ͵͵˵̸˵ΪʲôҲǶӡ
ǸʱҲףСʱοҪҲӰɵġ
ҲڵֻҵԱǸŮġ
ĳһҹ뺫ƽĵĴһҵϢ˶Ϊɢ˰ɡ
ƽǨƵذȺɽ֮Уҽʹƣ׵Ƶ߷ͲķʽΪ£ϳ⣬߲ȥ߽ȥ˳˺ܾãȶ
һʱסɽ֮߷ң¥ڡ
ƽеû¾ܣ̸йڳƹȵκСϢÿһζǲԴǣ̫أϢܣƹȻصûκζ
ͱµΧããƺҵȢӣµļ̳˰ɣ뺫ƽӦòµóҵݣ˵ûͷûβġ
öǺܺðˡ
Լڳʹɵζԭôܡͷӣû㣬㻹ôչô
Ĭһ󣬡ᣬҺϧ
ҪȢôתҿģס
ƺüң㲻˵ݣҾͲ£㲻˵ԱҾͲ⣬ŮҵѣϧˣԱ𡣡
֪һֱƵԭ򰡡ָ̧֣·΢΢Цˣƽʶ㣬ˡ»˭ܶ˵ⷬ
һ֮ңȻսȻ㶼׵ģΪʲôôأңҴûĵЦˣûС
ɲǼЩˣԭʶˣʹͻȻ޷ʱ˵ƹȴδйκζԭʱõ׵ˣ
ȵ׹䣬ЦˣһץסƽֱۣɱҰɣƽһʲôأԺĹʱ⣬ȴʱţҲܹ޶Եľôô
Ȼˣ
סؿڵ½󣬺ѹƹ룬ľľֻʣ¾ƽǷˡ赽ĸ˺ѣܵѪѪҺķӿ
ңңңҽôãԼ߻ħ˭ֵõģŲҪģսҵ˫磬Ĵ
Ϊһлɺܶ࣬ΪʲôôʹգˮЦҡͷû£ոˡʾ֣˵öԣŲҪġ
ĺң΢΢ңȡֵһ㡣
Цĵĸȡֵҵ
ҹ뿪˲֪סԸ߸ߵ֮ߣԾ¡
ڣ޾ڣ䣬͸ĺ䣬ЦȻָů
ΨһһӽůԵ˵ݳܶԷɢǿҵĿܣҲһΩеļ䰡




ڶ

ƿۣǸʵ磬£üĴö
ˣͳİɳɤżȵľϲ漴һֻĴƸҵĶ
üҺ侲ƫͷת򴲱ģӰλ⣬ʹĪ󣬡ʲôСȸ
е
ңߵ֣ܲķңɻ
Ŀһۣģأҵңǲ׼ģȥСȸ𷣡
ƺϢˣһֱߴ߳ȥ
ЩƣſɫӰҲСȸ۾ƺ˯ǰͻȻ˺ܶ࣬νǻν
Ůɤֽӣû
ֵѯʣԷĺۣϴɣҶˡ
һ££ٰϴ
̣Ҵۣȭͷǲǲˣȫûԭͤ˯ǲ̫õģ
СĵĶһ
ȥͤ׼ɡȻϲӱϾԼģܵĻԼ
˿ӣӻ÷ġ
ôأ˷纮ôұ˵ߴԼ΢΢ôᡭ𣬾ˣͷش˯ʱˤģΪͤ˯ʱܵĺļЩ
СȸɤˣſǻӲǵˣͻʱ򣬾ֻʣһˣҪӾȫǡ
ƫתӲյĶᣬóʣЦһллˡĵĲһ£겻Ӱĵȵô
ӡһ£ֱСƢˣ
Ĺ˴ô᣿Ҷһûŵˣ˵һ֪ǵңôƢӲҵĵȻ־ң˻ء
תͷ
˳תķ򣬿ſվǰҴߵİˣ˭
Ĵ򣿡Цȫҽûбȵõˣô˹ҽҡ
СȸȻתͷңӣ
ſڵ˿ڴ㲻ǵˣң
ۣҵôƺң㲻ͱ졣û˸ôΪ˭
Сȸȫ
ſڵ˳Ĭˣǰ
Ŀ̵ͷܸߣ߳һͷϣҵĲеû˸ǳƹȵôЩȤ˲ôţ
ͷģٿ飬κ󣬵ͳʵξң
Цζǣλ
ˤԴˣɤЩϢ
Цһ£ĪˣҽӻֱָߣתһߵСȸԥһ£ʵҵأֳǲǣҲ˶һô
ȥǰͻȻǡ
Сȸŵӳš
ٶͷЦˣ㾹Ȼߵˣ˭ȨСȸΪʲôӣ
һѾסҵ°ͣ˸ҵϣҪ滨ңΪ˭
ۿ°޳ָ̧۶ʵ棬Ц
̧һĹȥ
㶼û
ۣҵҩûһƲģĵĶ˵ܽ⡣
Ĭˣٶȿʱɤ˿ֻţңǲǣң
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ʵӲĴԺ˫ȼ䣬ſȣĴϣ׽ס۵Ĵ֣УҪʲô
ҧҵľһҲĺۣȴĴ̼ңҵıֻҡ£һҵȹӣ˫ȵĽӴٵеСˡ
ҵĲˣʶѸӿĿȣȴ˸ǿĳһȣȫʲôҲ˵ʲôһΣءԭΣ»֮ҹҷһϵˣǵҸ
ָʪڷ˱ҧҵĶͷҵĶɳƵһβˣý
ҼĴϢý˫ֻüڰȴȫĸолȼգָĳ鶯תκĥļӲӿķ͵Ŀ鿪ʼСҪˡԾļнĴȣŵѨ
ƺһ֣ŴЩҹ˳ſʱҵȹҵסҵСᣬΣյľ޴Զסҵϸ죬ǰŲһ£ǿӲ롣
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ҵץסˣ׳ϰѹұϣһҵۣһ򻬵ȹ¶ŪĽǰСˣңɣе̫ҽȥ
üͷУѹҪˡʵûоҵʹֻ࣬ǲϤľ޴޷Ӧ˽ڲļȻİȻȥ
꣬Ա˱ҵľҵİѹתϵ걻ſĻ꣬ĳȥġ
ҧס´šüԼİ³ٻʢǾ޴ÿµĳ룬ֱסģŲʩѹ
оܹ죬»֮ҹҲ̫ǵϸڣֻ֪ԼʹҲϲáȥ֪£Ҳҿ϶Լϲġɿס˵һֻ֣סС·һǡģŵôЩ£᲻ỵ
ͳɳƵЦڶϣҵľЦ̳ҵҽŮ֮»᲻˽ô
ۺʵһҽֲѽʱĸоȫдô˽ϸϵ⣿ǲǸöһһ£΢Ӧǹɴ׳ĴڣһֱջŵǰĿҵע⣬ۣһֱҪѤõĿҰ߳
͵ƵЦţң治֪˵㵥ǸӡָסСϣĽ𣬾ľ޾ĳ
ս˫оȵ⳷һ˿Źֵջ޷ƵڱڣẰߣǲϲŵģΪʲô뿪ʱָ̰
ߡŵһͦصײ۵
ѽ궼Ҫײˣǰ㣬ȴҵСǿӭĳһµĳһµײصĦͬȴӿĿУҲϵҡͷУỵġô׺۵һôܵˣ
ұƶƵ飬ңңÿײһΣͺһҵ֣ÿҡ
֪ʱ˫ֶˣĸϰҪ̱ˣ˫ϵĴĺʪϵĴιǿ׳ҵ°ȷգο޷ܣҹѾʼڱʱӭӡϲĿѤ̻ںڰбըҰĳ鴤ȫˣӭһǵļ˿гˢ
һƬհףֻļȵĿַǻȥ
ĳײʼʧص׺Ұڳʵľһֻܿధ󣬲֪ǰֹͣǰŰһжҵüʹĿȫĸĿοΡ
͵͵һҧҵĺϣ˱ǿĳ۽Ľסصһ
ȸоǸȵӲˣұסϽʵı۰򣬼ٴϢ
ƺҧңæأתΪ˱£ǸңҲǿġ
ͷԻŰ֫УЦⲻΣ԰ɣ
Ľ׳Ȼһ飬§Ҹˣ˻ƵĺǣңⲻΣ
㣬Ұ㡣
ҧҵĶҲ㣬ң
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ĺٸ㣬һҪȫͬᶯСĵıң˳ҵ塣
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΢΢ȵģӦȻεļнȣˡȵҺû˶ȫ˳ȶߺ
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Һʱɳˣңˡǣҵ֣·ҡ
ϲɤϲζҵĿż⣬·ϵۣ̿һ⿪ſָǱݷĽʵؼЦһءǰһ£һ£ϲϲ̽ƤͷȥȵļƷ̵ĺͷң
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һι趯࣬ζؿڵĿ⽻ҲԾ
УûأСͷҵĴҵȥ֣Сһѧúܿ졣ͺһסң캬סҵ࣬ص˱
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רĵָʾ£˫֣סǸȴӴľ壬µĴŪƺߣ͸оеĳ𽥼ӲʱҺȻÿڸ꣬¸һǿô
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סͷҲԾĹͦأϸϸŤȪ˫ȼеĵ򣬻еǹ̼ӲľصĦĿˢȫҾúÿ֡
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̫ˣҪˡúÿ죬ẰסˣҪˡһأ˶ľڵסʱȻûֹͣĻͼתѹ
οĸо˲䴩СĽгҵĹϸӣٽȥˡѹֺˣֿοζ
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꣬꣬ңǺôֹͣ˼ַ§סңɤſƵİңҵգôĽʪңҲҺ
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׺ݵĳֽҵ޷ҪҪңҪҪųԵĴֺ
Ȼ޷˼ֱĿοӽʹҡͷҪҪҪʲôҲֻ֪屻Ūʧȥ˿ƣһζ׷Ѱδ֪յ㣬ңˣѽѽҪֺԼڵõϵĽ֮ǰж̫ǿˣ
Сҧ̵ľܾȻɿƣҳѪĻˣָص
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ǿڸ߳лɢˣŽѹסҵĴҲ
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ۣоܿƳ鴤ѨǼӲ˶ɿý˫֣ѧĶĦݷţͷõƺʱƤЦˣҲϲǲǣĲŪָȥĹΡ
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ĬȻˣֻǽһһӡҵĶңҵı̫޴Ȼίôꡣ
̵Цίģ㰮ҲôֻҪϰңȥжԺԣڲҪģδعھˡ
䰮ҵĶͷɤƣҰ㣬ң






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˵ңȻϲģǲںףֻҪҰ˰ңǾˣЩģΪʲô̬ת֮
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ĺӣǹүĺӣϲԺźѾ˵ϲˡ
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ѪŵģȴûκҷͱŮ˱ϲԺ½
СҲ֪ô˵Һҵǻ޳ô
ϾϵĿⷸˡ
СΪ棬ӿˣͺˣ˭˵лһɱǡ
Ļʲôԭô˵ɻΪʲôȻ֧£
ܾãСЦʱ򣬺

ΪױȵЦݣƹȵ˶ḶһС
ĲȻˣȻҵЦôȻЦСлл㡣ڵ֮ǰǸЦġ
СҲЦˣϣӿЩӵļ̳ˣӾͻԶֵġ
Цֵۣϲлл㣬Сתȥס׳ллˡ
ȻϢͻȻ٣ͳֺɤĴңɱɿ֡
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ӡǰȫ޷صĽһң㲻ҵΪʲôһὫΪʲôϲӣëë
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ϵֽҪյҶ˵ˣңһҲûУģӣʱ֤Ҷİġ
Ի󣬷Լ˵ʲô㣬ɡֻǺҡ
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ң˼룬㰮ңҲ㣬ûбˡͺ˿ʹࡣ
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˼ĺܶգһ벻ԼԭǶԿرܵо˵ھΣ֪ҵĶܣҲû˵ʲôֻҶ㣬ûҡ
ЩˣΪҵԶֿʼҡɣ
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ĵƻţɴУȴڿ޴ϵ龰ʱһ
˿񴲵ǵƯ˵Ľ˶̧ۿңЩģȴǷĿ£Ǿ޴İ´궯ҽҲûֹͣ
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ĨЦһԼһֳſң
ŲŷЩˣߵߣȥŵˡ
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˫ȵĴưסҵ˫飬ŪսʱҲɵͦյͬʱĦݷš
Уðοıң˫ȴŵĿʵĴȣ˫ֱָס˸ִ˵ҽ̹ôȡҵģң˵Ŵֻصҵ鷿ϣš档
˫ۣȫĸ֪鷿ܿͱñˣȴҲûҵͷȱʲôʶסȵӲ»ͦŤڣҲҪ
أС˵ͳЦ޵
ߣǵҾˣ
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ͷͬʱסҳһ𣬰гʱԼʪˡһ㡭ŤȴѲĵŪ;֪УҲӿϵĶ
ƺߣСҲҪһ¡һֻǣҵ֣·ȴûصҵϣ޷£˫ȼ䣬ʪúܿ찡ԡ
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ѽҶߵЦ㣬ָܰˣʪ׵ģô˷ô
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ҲԱӺ߳ʧƴ˱һְסղϵؾ࣬һֶֻסСѹᳶ
ָȥҲҪΪǿоʧʱ쾹Ȼסǵϸ죡ȻҵĴԱըˣҵ޷ĿҽָͷýģӲøʯͷһĴֹʼ϶ÿһ¶ҵʺ޷ƽϡ
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ҲܱŪôһȴֽİס˺ӭĳ̣һֻһָѹҺͥϣָΰϣྐྵȻʼ̡
̱ϣоŰ϶ҺСʩѹĴȥҷƵĶһƬհףĿοҾԼߣ³˸߳кͷ⣬
ͣҵĶҵǾ޴ҵ죬ҺָҲȥıҰң㻹ôǲϵҵϣ͵Ҿε
ȺͿڽ֯ҲΪʲôѾõôĿ֣һҪϧĶ޴Һ뱻ݺ޵Ĺᴩᴩ˫ȼǵźϵĿ϶ľѹĲ˫ȥĥǿҪҪ
ˣ㻹̫ܲĴ̼滵ġָܴº͵ĸĦʪ͸˵Ļ꣬һ¾͸߳ˣٵûһ
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Цˣιιˡ˵Žұŵһߣңȵһ¡
оһգֻʣһˣüįҪԾĿʼԼ£ŵİסԼ鷿֣ɲǲѽ
СôôԣصߣƵ˵ҵͷУŵſȥƨ̧𡣡
Ҫ֫ڴϣ̧ζҽ࿿ͷϣҡΣҡ
𼱣ιιС졣ҵС죬СѨôЩɡ
оԲﶥǵＷʱЩ£ʲôѽеָϸĹ״⻬бģһȵܵЩʹ
ιĶѽ߰ԲҵĻСˣúóԳԣϲ
òҺĺԵ˱뵽ԲɲŷıҺ徹Ȼ˳ǹڵѨڣҽѽѽѽҪҪһ˲ֻհ㣬ʲô
ϺõŮ졣ЦһεΣɱ˷ˣȫȥ˵ſʼתԲЩҺ㵹ø˳
Ȼ֪ʲôϸƿһգ뵽ҵѨȻƿ룬߳ȼĿУҼҡͷҪҪѽƿȻ۵һұֱ
ҪôɳƵЦңеٷŵЩҾϲ㺰Ҫ˵ſʼǾƿٴҡ
̣ڵľҺ΢΢ѬͿοһͷϵˣ㡭СǣľѹѨڣƿӵĳ鶯ʹ̼Ҹ޷סЩҺ
йƵĺȻйҺȣ
ҪȣӾĵŪ޷˼˿־ͷŪѨǰʱŹﵽһ߳ŷҷ˵Ĵ󺰡
ƿѸٱҵСȻľҪѨľȫйȻץסҵΰķסҵ³ҺСѨϣ˱
˲ٶȱߵĿУȫˣ嶼޷ܵĴ̼ߵļʲô֪ˡ
֪»ָʱڵţ̧ҵһķ췺ĳ֭Һιҿڡ
ϲôƵҵҺ壬ޱȡ
𡣡Ӳ֪ƾȻôúȣһȻЦˣϲôңô̼
ͳЦǳ磬Сҵ̳ʲôѽ
Ӧ߳ܵģȴЦţ̱ȥ˱ҵ˽ƷζǴϿ֣ĽЦôûйء
º͵ķҵӣ׳ѹңȻҪȥĵŻõõģСҪô㣿
ұʵ˿ǽܵһûҲ֪ҪôŻõģ˼˰Σ֪ʵĻش𣬵õĵЦ
⿪ϵ˿ӣң㻹İô
ĸоİʵǺѶڽܣڿʱоĲλֻתΪü˫ۣУҲ뿴㡣
Ĭһ£㿴ҵķӰɡ˵¸оůĴ֣һԲԲҽܲѨڣú
ס֣΢΢ȵĸоСѸٵܽͿΪʲôҪҩ򵥵òͿߵΪʲôҪҩ
Ҫʹ˫۵ʱ޷˼Ļش𣬴ǿƿҵ˫ȣŵĽǶȡ
ĮĵЩʶĶܣѸ޷ѡĿסҵǼӲ޾֪߳ܵԼҩĴߴ·ĳ֭Һ
޳ָòҵĻСˣʯǿȴεĴҵѨϣŴЩͳպţһĿ֣ңٱЩҺݺݵŪ㡣
ԴǽҺֺ£޷ϱǣ˷ܣԾĿʼŵŤ֫СĿӷŴҪˡ
Ҫʲô͵͵ķʣָᵯеĻˣõҵУٱʵҪСѨЩʲôأҡ
͵ץµͷҡͷұѨＫȵĿ˱ˣĺۣҪĴҵСѨŪޣҪѽţڵͻȻ׺ݵһʱҹϸ޷Ϣˡ
ôľ޴ôǿӲĴ˽ҪƵȴĦÿһ۱ڣײӲǳųϸ죬Űǿ̽ȥǼĿа޷ܣ
ζʧصİסСѹס¡ͻأҪٽȥˡ㡭οǿҵʹѾҵӹˣȻڼ룡𡭡
סҲӯյ͵͵Цˣסˣ
˵ʲôʱҸоһСϵµ͹һǵʹһᣬ˿ȴ׺һͶҳһǳˢеͬʱоĺҵƶܵǹɿµĳѽѽ̫̼ˡ
ϲôͳЦţȴʼ˽ȴʧײŪоңϲô
СѨܵĥƴҡͷǿҵýҺµĿÿÿ¹һʱʶ°ҵĿοҼУϲϲû˵꣬ͱĸ߳У޷ֻܴϢ
Цˣסҵ˫֣˵ţһѳҵ˫ȣһδָʱͦ
µŵ̶Ū˫飬ץ˸ľҽסԼʹ鷿ӭӵĹߵͽУͬڵŪĸоĲҾúô̼
ײҵζ˶ﾡҵСѨݣɳƵЦҵСңһֻϵòҵĻˣһֻȴճҺҵĺͥＷ
޷ֻܽкţŤҪʴǵĿ޷˼ȶſ̻¶Ħ
ŶңŵСͺˣĴңָҲҵĺͥתûôҪʶҲŸǲǣ˵һײ
ѽһ㣬޷ٻĿֻܰ
еһЩңһҲҵģײҰٴε߳ʱȻĳҶµĽڵ֭Һ
̱ڴϣҵζ𣬽ǱľƿٴζעƣҺҹ̵Ѩʹǿҵĸ߳ȴһѹʹ
ҪˡһҺ˺ܶ࣬ҶСˣסһҲ׼©˵ŽƿӰγ
ѵѨסΪҺܵޣѹѹҩڴ̼ǾƵȴҵǣľϵ޷ܣ嶼ֻҪѡ
˫ҵΣȵĿҿѨϣСסءȫ޷ģȻôֽǴӲľƸ˽
ҪҪȴӲøľҺ޷йȫӹѹȥʹ࣡
һ̣ңҪˡͳЦ漴бضһһ£ЩƣҵСת
ֿµĸоұըˣĸ߳գҶſ޽УҪҪ̫־ˣôаĿУ㣬Ҫˣ
οײҵĶԽŰȻסҵ˫飬꣬ޣٽһ㣬Сɧҧһ㣡
鷿÷̷飬ڿֵýӽʹĸ߳侹Ȼ˼ȵļʣѽѽѽ㣬ٿһ㣬Ϊʲôһ׷ʹΪʲô
˷ܵĵͺ𣬡Ҫô˷ǲǣĵĻϴ̼ұ񾭣߲пͱŪҵ˫飬ңҵң
ұҪιȥʱȻ˶һѳסҵſʱѸٽǲžƺҵҺļӲҵʺڡ
ʧȥ˶壬ЩҺȫӿкΪйĿȫ޷Ĵֱ
ңңۿңǳ⣬ôιģ
Ժƿۣڸ߳ĺճϷӢýʹݣƺԵ˫ϵ󼷺ŨζʺסЩ΢Ż¸о
סңң֪ô
֪ĵĶš
ȻޱȵЦݣǾȫԵľҺɣ˵Σһ󣬽ŨľҺɳԵȫԵҵģңҵģޣ
ǱЩҺҲϢֱһξҺ뿪ҵ죬ұϸܵ˱Һ򢣬ңҰ㣬Ұ㡣
ŬǣЦҲ㣬
ұֱԴϧǹÿһŰĺۼңҺ滵ȥô޷԰Ρ
ЦڸоѵľͦĦҵ鷿ЦˣҪˡӭϲעĿЦջ󣬳Լſ£ͦʪΣҡγŵĻȣɣĴ׵ŪҰɡ
ĺаȣʵץҵ˫Σ㣬ңúõĸġ
˫ۣӭǿײ룬ŵǿĺУҷŵӭĳ嵷гҵĿҸ
ҸڰңҸ

һᣩ




ȼǣڶ

1 

ĵģȻҪҳȫһ⡣
Щƣνĵ˵ͷľͱڵĻ˯ߡ
ҵǵǣֺۣϣ̵ӭŵĦʪȵתҵĶʱЩеӣŵˣߣŪʲô
ĵЦڶƣȵϢҾ쵽ˡ˵סҵĶصòѾ̽ҵ䣬С·ȥ
һͦͦŨû赲ľٶֻϰߵſ˫ȣõӳٻ˼ĻΪʲô쵽Ҫ
ûңĴָסѨǰСصת޳ִʳָָ̽Űѹɽϵķ϶
ƿۣͦͦŵˡҪڱۣȴȻѨָۣĴָĲŪ𽥳ѪĻ˶ָĦϸ۵ļϸϸˡ
ˣƺúȤҵĶ䣬ָʼȥٲӿ죬ңСѽ˵˱סҵĶ顣
ԶϺ¸οĿŤ׽£Ȼ쵽ˣͲҪ
꣬ԡֱһֻֻƶôʪˣôӲء
ҪȥҪٲȥˣûסҵеˣ궯ҲĹϸ˫ŵø󣬡챻סҺҿڣ̽
еļҪʱȻͣ£侲ӣſˡ
ȻĽӲס鱻һ룬ᣬء
͵Ц֣ҵ溬˱ɾһֱעҡ
ߺӣȴס
ȵȣңû㣬Сģι㶫ɺãаȵЦݣδŵȡ˸ʲôɿĿ̵ֶӲ˳֭Һڡ
ʶȴסǸָԼָϸʯӲʲôᶯģŵҾһȻڻƶ
꣬ʯʪȶ𶯺ƶǳЦŴҵǺĲ£˫ĦЦˣô̼ôŤô
ҧס´ҲĴ˴ᣬֶЦ˼ҡ
ڵǶţײģֿοҼȾú־˷ܡ
ЦˣȥɡЦңӣűҳȥ
ڹ䣿е㺦µ˫أȶЩǶڶأô֣
ȴңԸȥıԺסֵĴֶȥ
ڵ˷ıֵЩİ˵ĿҺЦſÿ˶ǣΪʲôǣÿһ˵۾ݺƵģһճҺ͵ϾƲˡͷԼװúû
׵Įͷң˫ֻҵů§һȻעĿ
Ƕʱ鴤Ȼ֪§ҲʲôҪ£Ҫȴ·˲Сײ£
ˣżϵҩζеζСȻһĨᣬǶȻҵĳײѽ͵ͽһǱţһᵹڵϣĽ˫ȣǿ̫ǿˣ
һ۾֪ô£а񣬡߰ɡ
ΪᱧһرԺȴҹֵߵһصǽں󣬱еҵ졣
Żˣˣ컯յڴ֮ͥ£ƲǣСָﴥ־ǶȴԽԽ죬ȫ޷ֿˢĺ͸ˣҪһ˿
ֻΪ˱һʲôڵ˷ܺڱصãסҵ˫ٵĴס𶯵Ѩ⣬ȡңңսһ㣬ǶܿأҶܸоö
ᣬһֱסĲӣһѵĸĦڸоǾԽ޴ԽӲʱĶһ֣СȻӲĿڵﵽ˸߳ǽҧ·һг
ҵĿͷ˿Ŀ˵أҵ˫ȲסˣָѨŪš
˫ֶסĲӣߺҪ
ǻ̼ġЦ켷
³䵽ϣ߳ܵıۣߡ
ҵΣʲôߵģõвôѨҪԶءƵЦˣĦҵĹȣҪңң
û۵ĵŤƵĺᣬҪĴǴ˶ľﾹôͻȻȫ˽ֱڣͷ
סҵ죬ҡŽýǸȻӲøңýʪò󻰣ôйһθ߳˻ҧô
ܵЩѣʵ̫ˣÿֶҿʹࡣ
ɣסҡʹҵζĴ־ȻʼŪҵľջѨޣ͵ģʼҵĳײ
ı׳Ӳ׵Ū¶ϸǰԵĿøеڱڱĦÿһе㶼Ź˵Ŀοӿҽѣҧ·סеĿ
ý˷ܣΪԵʣɳԸеһֱòҴ񾭣ޣֵ߳ˣùԡ
ҶµòУѤĸ߳ε׺̣޾Ŀȴ˽ʱŵֹˡˡ
ꡣ͵һͱʱָҲҵĺͥ
ҾҵĲҿ·˵κα飬Ϊ˿̵ĸ߳߳ܵ˼㣬ҪˣҪˡҺϵĿֻӶҵǡ
Уңϲ˿ǲǣָžٶȿʼ籩ĳ̣Ҳҵ̫е߳ҰһĳײŪӲ̴ֱָҵľջ
ԼˣѽѽˣˡСùǲѣҪըˣ
̡пţתǶײѨ˵ˣʵҿϵĲҪ
ҡͷƺߣʪ½޷ܵĿοҺѹֻѰĽѣңҡ
ʲôҧסҵĺ
ͷ̧סԼ죬󣬡㣬㻵ңŪǲ̵޷ĸ߳бŪĿѹ
ͺߣصײҵӹڵͬʱγҺָͥݺݵĵҳѪۻˡ
ҰĿοӿҳűֱ壬о̵ľҺһ̱߳ˣεҶβӳĸ߳
ϲôɳЦţĨʪ͸˵Ĵȸ̧ɾƣʲôζչҲһЩճ͸֭Һ
е̡һЦЦо˳壬Ҵÿ·߳
ĵǵұ۶ĻЦһ֣ˣĵ




2 

Ⱥһ·ɽɽˮˮҲһ·۰裬ҼûˣյҪˣܻպ޷ֿҲֻŪԲߡ
Żӱĵ֮ͽҩιȻһֻУѡϸһöһֵָҵĺͥѡ˸ָֻϸǰߵĻѨ
ҽĺһۣ˳ĳϣǽһ·ϢһǳأҲŲôҡ
ǳЦ˫̰ҹǻ޳ָѾ۵ӷĦұҩԺʱڸõĸ߽ҧ鷿̺С㡣
˻ܵȿʼȼգĶ߳ڱô֮ҲܽСѨͬʱ˫ŤڽΣϵ˱ϴֵƽҾúÿ֣̲סſȥΰǡ
ӿҵ֣һ档
ֻ׽ͷǿʴȫϲöѻĦ˫ȣоѨʪǣǹӵƶˡɵȶصĦ΢ƶҾϲͻĶԴȴϲҰްŰÿÿڵҺࡣ
ҵ˫ҧʪͣȫ۵°ڣ⿪ͷ¶Ǹľ޴ȡңԺӡҵаȵĿջЦ
죬ÿںøɣеҽĺһ˳Ĺڵŵ˫ȼ䣬ͷܴױȿֵľŴȥ
Ũ˵ζŵеҩҳ캬øԱ߳ζŤЩΪƤСȻٵĳ̣֪ԼʼˣȵģȻ￪ʼӲӴֵʱ÷ɿ졣
ḧҵͷҵĳõһߣۿ˱ģĵЦˣܶô
ᣬιҩԵʣ̲סҧľްһ£ƺߣ͵͵Цˣ³ǸҺȾʪĴ־Цŵͷȥҧ˫ȼļϲôСͷ˫Ǿµľջš
ȻǺϲ߳⣬סҵķЩǿӲԺӡ
ԭҲϲŶѹѨʱ̼ҵĺͥ棬ȫ顣Цȥȥ̾Ϣ̲ס̽˸ָﰴȥ
ǿ׳Ȼҵһ˶Ĵҵסҵҵ֣͵ЦˣСҪͷǲǣ
ĵ޹ĿҹЦҲԷȥòãûҰƽ
ЦˣҪң㶼û̺ã˻̫˵㡣
˵ǿĽתƨ̧һҵΡ
ѽء⣬ˣ࣬ҹۣСζŵ̵ø߸ߵġ
ƺϸĿҵСѨһŵʪˣѶȼ
һͷֻСȥһյĸо
ЦôСĶιǲǣҪĶȥô
оŵָöСŪǰ󶼱ĸоǿңŤεͽУ˼ҲŲء˵Һߡ
ôͳЦţָĹҵѨŪˮ㶼ʪӣСҵָôƨŤôŵﻹǺˣӦýɧġ
ѽѽѽŲǡҪͱȻǿӲһǾҵĿοͦ
Һ֣ͥǰסһζ鷿ﶼҡôС˵꣬ȻѨҲ˳
ʱܵĿɢȫѹĽҡ
ЦŴ㣬ƨ̸Щ
߳ܵԼҾζϵС죬Ž˼ҵСˣιСĿԽԽͣüͷ׵ڵʲô
ƫͷȴŵźϾ΢Цݵİľ޴ˣᣬ˼滹˼ҡ
ЦҶ㣬㲻ԼιιԼСô
㵵㶣ӿϳȣûҪǰŪԼ߳ܵĽ顣
ҵκͺߣЦаȿݣĵط㣬㣬Ա뿴
ҧס´еĿڽȴ˺ǲⱻ۰ҪԼԼһ˫סϰгѪСˣͬڵĿẰᣬһûԼֹأҪô棿
ͳסһ㣬Ȼһ£һ߻ȽϿ֣
ߺǿοԲ㣬۰ŵַصĸĦţʳָȥŪܴ̼ΪԼԼĿ֣ôѻЩοҲƣܿģŤζ͵Ĺѽѽѽ
һ
޷˼ԭȻİ죬ѰõĶ㣬ϢұߣѽѽѽСѨĳ鴤źϣҿ쵽ˡ
ڿҪԽһɲǣһ޴ӲоȻݺݵľ룬׶ޱȵײҵӹڣοĸоԭ͸ǵĿӲǶãұľµı죬߸ߵζȫҵĶ
ýޣСʶϵǲǣĿʾײҵ˵Ŀ֣˿ҴϢʱ䣬ҵ˫ΣҸ߳ʱصҰײ
У̫ˣΪ߳ƴѨܵĴ˶ܵŤֱڼЭľްȥ𣬵׺ĳֵ̣ľصĦҹеڱڣѹ
һ̣Ĵǿҵΰ꣬µ׾ȴ˿ûмִ³ÿһضײҷ̵Ĺɹ߳ܵĻò񻰣С߳ʱ򱻲ǲǺˬ
ҿοʹȴݵ޷ֿķӭײѽŪĻѾܲסĿʼˣ̫ˣۡ
Ҫ˲Żͺ𣬴ּеĸĦҵӣҧңҸЩŶ
о˫ָǿȵļҵĺͥʱҰĽˣϸִֵ˸̵߳ʹϵĿο֯Ѥɫʣҷ񣬡
ޡùԣҰް˻𣬷Ƶļֱ̣ҰŰĳ嶥ŶðѨ̫ˬˣңҵģұ𶥵ĸ߳ϯÿʱŷͱһ£ܵĵסҵΰ꣬ʵȫҲǹӵҺѾʹӹ
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ұϼٵĺţڵľﾹȻַɿļӲʯ
ҾŵĲͷİ󣺡ۣҪˡƽôôʧأ
ҵˮɳƵЦˣۣʱŻоֻ̼ҵĹɹĴָʾѹסҶµľջš
Ҫ㶣ɵô󣬻Ūġôܽȥߴϸȫòã
ŪаҧҵĶңϲŪô
ǣҲıŪɣѽ۵ıȻһײᶼˣʹпҲ޷ԵԽܵʹ
ôƵЦв
˵ʲôұۣŪۣ棬ñɣ
ÿС͵ЦֻǰС٣ĿʼòŵܵľްҲڻĳܽ£
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Цҵı˱ҧң̫ˣܺãŰҸ˷ܣ֪㱻ÿжҲ㻵С
ߵĽҷϲҰһҵڣᡣ
᣿Цҵ˫ƵøʪҵľҺôָ̽ڳ鴤Сòȴڲȡ֭ҺƵģ˾ͳ˳ȥ
ˣҪô̼ôоָҵľջź˿ΪʲôҪ
Ľеĳ鶯ͳſĶһֻֻĵĶŪҵĻˣҪȫе춼ʺҸ㣬ȫѨŪ
аˣҺʣ˵ɶĻ
ָıĸǹڳŴĸоҾúܹ죬е㺦¡ڣ֣תš
ҸʱҪ޳ӡаȵЦţȡҺϸĨľ޴ұŹĺףң׼ˡ
գۣĿЩµˣסҵʱҼϢȥ롣ʹҵͷҪʹҾֵۣʹø޷˵ֻܽץס󣬽ӲĽܱӲŵҪըʹ
úһĽЩŤˣ˶óⶼڱֱͷŽҵḶ́ңɣͷȥͺˡ
û취ֻǿԼиǸطǡܡĸоޣҪӿˮоһӴԲͷû룬ҾȻЩ
ãûŪ˿ʼﶥ룬̧˿ɣͻˣԺҺġ
һɣʹĵۣﱻŪȻҲио
üζˣĳ鶯ţûмӿ졣
ϲͲͦĽ࣬۾ܵĽλŪʱһĿ֣е֡ǰߵѨЩۣɻǱֿʼ֭Һˡ
ô֣ڶ˵еСǰ滹խСٷɵ㣬ееʹ
ƿۣ̲סЦۣҲ΢һ㣬ܲˣ
̵ĶסаĳҺһ¾͸Ҵ״ʣС㵨Ĵ󣬶͵һײ
ұôУ
ϧ㣬ȻЦңҪͷˡаȵЦţʼƶ
һļҾͲ̫ܵģҴˣһ㣬е˷ʹͲʣҿֵĽ
еˡЦúûսҵײȫһ㡣
޷ܵĿ֣ҡͷƴȴεϸ޷ӱܵĽ谮ѽѽѽѽҪҪˣµĿǰСѨռʱ޷鵽ģҺµļС
οֵƺߣǲҵİ󣬶һһµĦײһ㵱ȻҪСúõҰɣҪͣǲҪ
񱻹ȳûˣ޷˼ãֻǼĿҵĸľֻܽץסŻдڵĸоӿĸ߳һҲֹͣͷֵ˼㣬ʹ޷սᣬڿסԼ޵ôϢ𣬵ҪˣѹҪѣǻԶùֹĻǵ·Ҫˢʧ˰㣬ֵöˡ
ɳƵң
ҿ޽С
ʲôıʡ
ŤͦΣ˫ŵǶȣõĳ̣ѽѽѽ㣬ٿһ㣬ҡ
ʤ𣬡ɧСеôǲǺ
ұײò϶Υѽˣ
̵֭Һҵĺͥοİͷҵμðޣɧټн㣡
鴤ǾζŪûģʲôʱγȥĶ֪ˡò״ȴǵָҾջŪ
ͷءΪҪĳ˳ӡ
ҵˮ࣬ҵðѾҺŪᷢյġ
ָȴöĻҵе㣬ҰĽŵЦңȫ춼ιˣϲô
ߺӣǹԹԵϲ
Ц㣬ð㣬ҵңС
ӭ䰮ǣһССıԹһ£Щһ
ͳЦĺңޱȡ




3 ۵ĵ

û˾ĸڹڻãǻҺ͵һʱԾܿȥ˹ȣǱʱ̸ߡϵֺϲڴ̼ңŪе÷κ޷ƣ֮һܣҲ޷ʻеɣ
ҼǾͨòʱĮĵȻЦ
Ӧֻɣ
ᣡյֻСƢĲôţŮӵƤѵȫͲΪô
ʵϣᡣ
׽ͷˣۣ˫ȴŵĹڴͷϸĴϢţΪԺ󷽴³Ѩڵ˶Ҫˣ̫ˡҡԴܲ˵Ť㣬ȴεǯסĵǿ
еٴ㣬ŵЩĺţĿҳ̣ײҵĽΡ
խѨӲĳŴĦͷĿڽĵϣһôļӲӴĶֱֱ۵ѨҿοЩʹˣʶĽļ뽫ȥ
ȴӷײң˶ҪƵͣޣҺýɧѨǲǺܶõôι㣿ֺȻƵǰסǵ˫һпš
ѽѽѽǳɹòҵ񾭼ҿ޽鱻ι׺ݵСͷϾп淨޷ˣˣһҵĶﵽǿи߳ˡ
ǿֱһסҵ̱ҧסҵĺ󾱣ٳŵûأҧ㣬Ҿѣ
ҰͱֻŤܵѨôĴ󰡣˵ļӲҷ·һʯĸ޷ֿκƶô̫ˡסŪСͷ޷ֱϰ
ǿҵ߸ܣٵĵЦ˵Щ̼ҵĻ߳ߺܹĴֻǰѪĻˣҵһŪ
ҼĴϢѽѽѽ𡭡߳бôǿĲŪѾҳܵúѹһģңһ㣬㻵ң㻵ҵСѨ챬ըˣ
ĵͺ𣬡ٽе㣬ҵСҸ㣡ޣܼĺݵ֮ȻǿҵѺסҵζ˶صĲҲοĵͺˣҪɧѨޣ̫ˬˣ
̱ڴϣȫھҵĲӿĸ߳ѣεֻܽȫ˵Ŀ֣þòܻعû侫һĸ߳øܾŪҡ
о˳ȥɻĻعͷ
΢ЦŴңң
ƳӴĲȻе죬Ҫιһأ
Ȼûзй˵棬ֻأ
СЦô
һҪ˵ôĻôˣᡣ
ʶҵգЦ谮ĸҵĴһָЩֱҵΣſƨúõιιС졣
ĹֻèЦᣬϲŻ˼ҡ
˴ȥĿҿöеǸӣҲܼ̳еǰɣ
תʱľƿСЩʲôأǵõιô˾еƿӡ
Щ죬Щ˷ܣǵáΪʲôҪ
ΪСѽЦˣҵĹɷ죬޳ָĻСջǰѨǰ湻ʪˣߵĻ㡣˵ţ̧һֻƿιȥ
ϸҲ̫ӦȵѨһϸѽѽΪִԺ˳ľ棬ľҺע
סˣ׼˵ţȻôǸƿֶֻתƵҵĺͥȥ
ءЩҺӹתƿҲҼеú࣬ɲŤζΪֻĴָſҵСջĨҺ
šһҲϧСţϸµĻ꣬ϻرҲȥʱ򣬱ƶֱˣСǷ١
аСѨĳ鶯ҺӯµĿͽһίˣѹ
ָСľջصŪ߳һͷ㡣
ָе㣬Ҫ߳ٵѸӿϰ̱봲齣ֻʣ߹Ŷŵ
Ҳô쵽߳ĳŪָҵĺףôҪĳͷ̫ˣ
ᣬǵ˼ұԹȴһζһίۡ
漴ӡҵΰ꣬ӿָţסѨľƿתţ̼ңԱܲˣõôþ۰أ
Ʊ¼ȣ΢ĸоеıۣᣬѽƿӵĶײҵ
̰СһЦָ˾ƿҵĺͥС죬õúι㡣˵ţĨ˴Һľƿѹ롣
ܵķֿʶƿӵĽ룬ñƼҾú¶˱ιĶС
꣬ҧƿӵСƨɶƿĲ룬ǰƿӲûҪܶ࣬ƨ̵ٸߵ㣬þƵȥ
Ҹͦζ͸оǱľҺջĸоǿҵҰĽҪǣ
ٺȶһ㣬ȫסһҲ׼©߼ӿǰƿӵŪҵʱ򣬱ת߱ҼеýľƿüӿҺע
ְæסӣüкҧס´ܡ
Уȫס˵ˣųȥԵɿ֣ȴ֪ʲôƿӸѹڣƵǰСҵÿСſ죬õιһɡ
죬ӭƵĿ¾ްڣ̴ĸоʾƿӣҲ˱ĴִŤζ
ŤСƨɣٷŵ㣬ޣСζҲõҪҵ°ͣذڶﻺ̣ңȫ춼ιǲǺˬҵķҺ˱ģӢǷݵҪҪȥҼһ㣿
ŵõһӲȴƺݵʺе屻ǸңҼнƿŵľްô˸߳ѣεĿҸ޷˼ֻ뷢й屻˵µ
꣬С̡γ§ңֱַסƿӵĵײŪǵҸӶ¡
ҪһҵĴļ򣬡ҪЩҺƵҿˣٲųȥһ
ǿǯסҵŤ˫ּǴֱƿݵϲģͺ𣬽ƿѹڻתﶼڵ÷ظˡ
ҪˡҪҿ޽Уŵ˫ȱǿĴӲǷֵҰĶҪкˣйĸо̫ǿң޷ֿȴ̵ĶסڣƿŰĴ棬һӹڣһǳŲڣҵóҵĿơ
ٰ꣬㵽߳Сһθ߳ҾкͳκȫĽҲýģַսƿҴͱ
ȻĹϸ޽г޷ʹ߳˶̼ˣ
ҷſһǯסҵ˫һֳĽкɣڵǰк
ҿο˼ԼھҶУϸѨƿѵ³Һ廩ȻйкµĿһδﵽ˸̱߳ҲĴϣá
ˬôҵСҶ
ǲ߳ؼ̤ۣĵİˣңݺݵĸңҪйĿ鼱ǿ͵Ūҵ德ΣеĿŵ޴
ıң뿪ҵĴ󴲣һ߸ɾϣˣҵ˫ȣʵһȻôӲȫͱɳ鴤ҪѨڡ
ҼУŵʹ㣬ң㻵ң
ʤµĶҰް޽ƣޣýɧѨô滹ҧôǲҪĹӸˣŻɵ㣬
˦ͷ­о鷿ǿ˦סǱǵ鷿궯ӲʵͦͷޣҪỵ
ȻָұѨľ޾һ
СĿ񱩵ĳײָ治һŪſ棬Ƿٵޣһֶֻ׼ǰ˵Ļ˲ָݵ
ұͻȻĸ߳óϢпŪ޷ȴҲ޷ֿʴǵĿ⣬궼Ҫʴˣѽѽѽѽѽѽѽѽѽ
Ҹ߳ʱȻγԿҰùֱֵͱҵĺףȻο˻ý춼ôǷɣ־Ȼָǰ鴤ʪѨŰſͬҰ͵һֻɶ׼ҵ˾Űݵת
ұڵÿ޵ɤӶˣ˫ȴԼʶĽסĽŵϴĻӭκβбŪ޾Ŀ¿޷ԼĽţŤţ˫ֲ֪ҲѧֶΣ˫·ʹұǡ
ŪʪСףӲԽԽ޴Ӳ㵽ҿˣŴŴҵ°ͣײڣҶĺŷйĸ߳ŶˣɧȫĳԵԵľҺޣҴӦιģ
ģѾֹŪͿŪ޷ٵֿС
ŨľҺʱҾȻʵȥɵľҺʵ̫࣬ǵҺţ󲻵ҵ컬ҵ򢣬
΢΢ƿʪܵ۽ޣҿŵľ޾ش궯ӳʱʪવ֭Һҳ̧ĨϵľҺֻèƵš
ɳƵЦ𣬵ΰҵϵľҺСԹԣǸɰū
ֵĳνӣЦˣɰūô
һ飬Ц㣬һᰮ˭أƵϣſҵ˫ȣʪȷ죬Ұ㣬ңľ㡣
˵ţҳ鴤Ѩ
һҲԾıסͷĵĺ
ôɾС죬ֱңаЦյˣٽĻ
ˬʵĴЦߵĶѣȫ۽ϣҸǱԹ۵ĵ




4 

ԭǳ˯ģıҺѹĲòƿۡ
ԴΪ˸󣬵Ϊҵ룬Բȫÿÿϵ̶ܵòУ󻹵úЩιӵ֭˱ȥ
أۣҸŰɴŵİ׻ӳСȸǱȫΪӵػߣ˳λ̳˱㱻˵
ػǱ
ͬСȸŮԣĸȫеģûһȫֻǰеˡĻشƽ
ü֪ȥţ˫ŵúܡ͵̾ϢһԱ۾ȰԼˡ
һӣӱߴĮ
ңôð׻ȥңߣʵı۰һѽӵ
ŵĵҩϤζ΢΢ˣס½󣬡æСֱۼزͽгеЩˡ
ššüɾңҿʵĴϣÿҵѣʱ˶ܣίԼôֱỬΪֵѩԲ顣
ѽ΢ẰˣԾͦ
ĬһҵĴǣʣʲôأ
ˣ΢ƿۣĶ׵ݣǷסĲӣߵˣ֪˼ǵúѹᣬ»ҪڣûŶ
Ц⣬ˡסϸϸ΢΢ߣͷ캬סҵ飬һסӲʵͷ˱
Ҳľ죬ɵùȥЩоһһĵĹɴ֭ȻҵʪˣΪѾûˡ
ס˱鷿Ĵѹȷ֭ɾˣͷϸ¹һ飬ŷſ
ĵ糺ѾȾҵϰļȫջķۣͷҡһߡ۰ʪȻһҳ˿
УңЦŪʪ飬ƣˣͦôߣ˱һô
ұ߻ءһ泩һǵ޷ƽ⣬ֻ߳ܵİٶˡ
΢Цҡ
ᣡȴеĿֻúߵıۣСҡȻ˱ˣǸоô̼ȫأֻζ޷Ӧˣ鷿ϵ˱ŪҿֵĲ
޳ָʼеĹɷĦʱҲŷֲ֪ʲôʱѾҵȹƵ˴ϣٵẰ𡭡
ɿ죬ЦˣʪԺӣǲҪܾˣҵĴ֭أң
ߺȴ޷ƵָòŤΣѽȻָĶʪѨڣ
Цúܽһֱû㣬ȻֺʹһСˡָתŶһΪܰСѨŪء
˫ִϣüе㲻Ӧ
̫ûˣ̫ϰߡҪָתĦҵøǣۣҹˡ
꣬ȳһΣ̫û㣬ĳ谮㡣ָһѨڻϵŤʱͻȻסеһ㣬Ĵ
ҼҪ̫̼ˣ޴ĿУ
һǯסҵֵֿ죬߳һҿ㣡
Ĵ̼üһ壬ȫҵĳ鴤ű̱ĵοϯţεҵͷ
ϲС⣬ôУ߳ʱӲòӡ§סңؿ˱ҧֱ͵ĹסͷЦɿ죬űҺȾþӨʪ˫飬ȥңһÿҰ㡣
ΪаԤԲ΢΢˫߼ˣ
Цҵ֣ϸϸסϸָͷͷ˱ȫ˻ŹֻǻƷƵģ缡ȫǳӡ
ȫǱ飬Ѿڴϣ٣ȫò١ѽҵĽֺˣȵİ˱ô̼ŤҲ˫ȣĦ밲οס˫ȼʪܵĹȣҺߵ˼š
ԱſԼԼҿĦҵСȣҧ۵ȶӣƵЦ
ԻֻȡУҽߵ΢΢ſ˫ȣָ⻬ʪòӵĹȣԲĻʱ޴Ŀοҽ˫ۣѽѽѽѽѽѽ
Ū۸һ㡣߰ҵȣʹǶȳŴ󣬺÷ĹͣңٷŵЩһְָֻȥ
ߵĿ޷˼һּٵŪеСˣһֻֻǻʪѨڣСѨ·һС죬˱ҵָÿָʱ뻨˱ŪʱͬĿ⣬ȶŵøˣζŤ޷Ƶζ
ԣӸָȥ̰СѨι֪ʱѾ뿪ңҴ󿪵˫ȼ䣬ָ̡
ͦڣʧصڶָģŵַת̶Ū۵⣬ѰеĿԴȪѽѽһ㣬ô̼ˣ΢΢ƿۣţ߿ŪԼҲǸ޴Ծ´Ū˵ľʧصļУ˫ֲľסµĴȻ𣬴ﵽѤþҵĸ߳
ĴȻסҳ鴤壬ɳЦˣʪС죬ôòã˵ֳ꣬˫ָѨḶ̌һֵֻĴָİסµĻˣҵĴ̼
ѽѽѽҪڸ߳еұѸٶȿǵֲԼӭǴַֿԼ޷õĿְˡָĻ٣׼ȷŪѨе㡭
ɣңõú˵һΣԼҲġ˵ȫ׵Ļ˫ּҵòҡ
οϾüͷȴȻһӿ壬ҺУ롭롭ץסǿҪֹȴҵĻǿĿŪ
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ҪҿŽ£ɸ޷ֿĲ̶ֻܲϵĹͦΣˮҺйȴǿңǿĿοȫʲôһָ߳ҪԵˣ
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ңֺЦ§סңʲôⲻŮ˵侫ҵ֣ҵˮСɵϣ˵Ѿҵ̵üˣҸ˻ء
ģѨϸ΢ĳ鶯۲š
Ȼ㲻֪ʱжͳԸУҶ̲סˣջģء˵ŵЦסңͷסҵ˱˺һұǵúӲòãң
̵̻ģߵĶһ£ŹǼӲľ޾˳С˱
С졣ܵţֲҵķͷҺסӣһ㡣ǰƶŻĳ̶
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ϸ۵ָĹɹͷο̾Ϣܵ˹˱ľָϻڣȥصľջѨ
ѧ졭ʵȻһ͵ľסҵͷʪܵľްﻬͷɵ˫ۣаЦݣСɧôȡõô
ŴǵҺЦģõ
ҰЦˣǾͺúõɣתǰſǿ˫ȴţͷúõźң
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ŬͷʪСѨ̽ʱȻҲϵΡ
ָĿҵ֣Լ߬סӴٴŪ
ɵ˱̣СĵָѨﶥ룬ȵڲֽխ̽˸ָڣҧסҵ֣תĶеѣָֻȥ⡣
͵ģһѳҵ֣˶תأץҵͷҵСĿ£죡ڷڣٵĳ鶯ֱҵʺ
ޣˬСòóԣϢصĵͺţβ
̰˱סΣСľջţָһ˽ȥ
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ĵͰˣֵһۣ˱ָһֻ̲סȼĻḧĸ̼߳ңҪ۰
ĺɨҵĶɳЦˣ֣ȥҵĺúι㡣
ʪĲȥŵ߸̧ҵȸļ򣬶ҵȸͷǸľ޴źϵѨ
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ЦŽҵȷ£ְ壬ҵ˫ȿĴϣӴĳԽܵѨڣҧôιι㣬ǻСء˵Ĵָ۵ʹеĻˡ
ȻϢӣˣ˼һءŸ߳ôô棬ǿοлʹġ
Цûٶȥֻ̽סҵ˫飬󣬡ӱˣңڿӵˡ
ĿοסۣݣЦģŶ
СֱָŪҵĶ
֪ξټζŽô涼ڵ鷳ˡЦúа񣬡һ⣬ϲܲˡ
ΪԤߺСӣ֪Ц˼ңʲôʱˡ˵ţ˫ȣĵգգۣ˼ҵֶˣι
üƻסҵϸϸĺЦ⣬ĺˡ
СѨľ뿪ǣοͲҽϵսѨǱŵöˣȴȥʱָо飬ߡ
Цţ̰СһײҸոܺϵĻ
ǿĳҵͽУԼŤ޷õĿο׽סι׽ϵĴ֣ҷŵĽŶŪң
ЦŲظųĶһ±һҲһ±һ¸룬ôˬôСҪô
˫ȲԾɿŴȫȻŤӭǿĳ̣ǾĿԻȫֻƾֱһ㣬Ū桭ᰡһ㡭ڵܿ챻÷ڣұ޷ˣ֫˵ŤڣѨ쾡˱ǻȵҿο˽Уٿһ㡭
ɿҵԼŤĴ̣СҰ̵ûءĵ̾ȻӾ̡
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ҧЩޣοԴǣҸ߳оεҧϡ
ܡҡԴ۱ǿҵĴ̼޷ܣһǿ͵Ŀи߳һǵҰްĳ֪Ҫôˣֻᣬײӹˣô̵ĳ·Ҫȼˣ
ҵ˫ȳҵ࣬ǿҸ߸泩ˬɧѨôɶôˬޣеˣСҪҺúõĸǲǣ˵ţ³ƴ´ҵʪѨ죬ֺȻһƺ˦鷿ӻεôˣ
ʹҰĿο屻ǣȴĶԴ鷿ͻȻȵʹ͵ĿҪȴˬʹҸ޷ļƽϡ
ЦˣҪҪôһסһ߽飬öˣҸ㣬ޣˣҧǲǣҵΣɵ㣡
ĵط̣ĿοȴǾ˵ľңҷŵĽҪѨøˡ
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˱ʳйҺ壬о󣬽̱ڴ϶á
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ۿĿգЦ欣ϲͺáܹϵľҺ̽˱øɸɾģЦζá
Цˣ½׳ӣι˺ܾãֲϵ£ңҰ㡣
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5 

˺Ӻ󣬵δڹȥƹңԶķ˸ȥÿȥһ棬ӵ涼ȫûмľ͹18꣬ԶΨһ˽ôξ٣
ʱжҺ͵Ҳÿڣǵÿ̶ĳһعȣһԼ£֪ԼǸĸףҲû취һȻ
һʢģٴγ˹ȣһͤ￴飬źеӡ
ȵ죬ֻűѩɼ˱ˣηѴƮ¶ԲļͷΨľ
飬ȴȻİϢ΢΢յۣ20µӣ˵ĿȫҲޱȵаȺͰԵǹˣΪʶңҲʶǵĵȥҵ顣
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ŭˣ㣡ԲۣϤĸо֫Ǵҩ͵Ϯһιҩ
ҲǳģÿңЦֿ㲻ӣóԵСء˵ţȻʳָסҴŵĹȼǷɫС죬ֱֱ˽ȥ
ҹ̲סһҡͷ޷Լ壬ɵԹ棬̵Уټҩ޷ܰ
С㡭תָˣ
ʪúÿ죬治֪ҩߵĻǱ̵ģ˺ܻôааЦˣһģС˵ţ˫ǰһסҳѪĻදһֻ̽һָſ̽ҵе㡣
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6 ϲ

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ϢģƮǹϤŵҩζЦɺ˫ۣ˫ȴ˳ȥҡ
ǿı۰ůĻͳЦԵãҲųȥһСˣС档
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7 ϲ£

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úңң̽øòתָڲƤĸо
ס¶ӴҾܵȥ˱ûȡ۰
עݡƺһָҵĻ٣ҲһµʱͻȻͷȥס
Ŀοұֱ壬޷ľ˶Ȼʱʼٳ鶯ʪζɢҵҺꡣ
޷˼ˣͷеСˣµָ޴ĳ鶯ɿĳţҿ̱ʱ򣬻ٿȻ˵ڶָĳſխķ϶ת߳鶯
ϥСȫҲű߳
ҳ鴤ѨͻˣʪָĦҵСֱƽŽȻתͷסҵСˣڿʼιɡ˵ţһ㱵ʱ򣬱ǿιҵ죬ٶȹɵĳ鶯ǿĦҵĿǻͷ
ҷԵıסʵβǾ޴¸ĿοԵÿ飬ۣҲԾĲ˫ȻĦŤڣЩС
һֱͷҵľٶңԼԼ֡˵ţұһֻ֡
ʶĽָ̽ѾʪһƬĵطü͵ҡͷ
ȴǿסҵ𽥿ʼҰС죬ңҵңͷۣĵͺסȫסޣ
ȵҺֱ룬һûüӦȥ»ʣµľҺϡ
۽Ųϵ˺һƿۣЦĿңСȥôָǾҺаһЦ
ҡҡͷղ侫еͻȻ
üһЦ׷ǰ³
Ƶգգۣ콫ŨǵİҺµġ
ϸĿҵ죬ЦúаȣǳԻ¶ôˡ
һֻҵ°ͣҰ㣬ң
ǣоϵľҺȫĨʱļȵģҲˡִ󵨵Ľ˫ȼ䣬ȥĲιι˼òã
ɳƵЦˣţҲһסҵһ˿ҵΣҪԼȥ
߼ˣҺƵġҧҧ´ȵֹסļٵͷȥ̧ȿʵĴȣٷסǸѪֵľ޴Լȥ
ոսӴȵѹҽͷļѣѹ⻬ֹʪҪ΢ܽ壬ô󡭡δһ磬;΢еˣ̫̫Ӳһʼǻнϵѡ
˫סҵϸͷģֲҿջĵа
Һͷļͷۿǽϵĵط֪ڿɵСˣʪҺ˳ŵҵľް´䡣ᡣúԼУŵĵЦŽԭ̽ȥʳָָխϸſͬʱ뽫ȫȥ
߳͵Ѩļôľ޴󣬼Ħ⣬ô̼Щ΢ʹоõò˼飬ҡ̫ˣҺӲȥᱻ̴
СĲͷҵľ˫ҵʹ£һһ㣬ŵ£һ㣬Ƚȥ
СĳѾҺܿοˣ˫ֲ֪ʱס˵Ĳӣ˫ȷĸڳȫҵٽȥЩҪ
ǽһһµĿţļĳ̶ȣңûȥôôõŪôҧҾѵƤƵЦʣԺǲҪʱ̷Щ棬ܰŪһЩ
ᡣ۵ᴷһ£ڸоǸطʱοѸٵۻͲôһ㣬Уѽѽѽ~ Ǹط
ϾҵļͻȻ͵ĽһӴӲӲȫ˽
ǿѹȺȫĽ룬ͻССӹڣǴʹĿοʧصҧסļ磬ȫ鴤ϵŵС죬Ǳʶ뽫ǴִùֵļӲＷѹȥȴֻĺ
οĵҧһ㡭С
ƺ̫ѹԼֱһָ㿪ʼйɵĳͣһ룬ٺݺݵĴȥ
СӱŪÿıǿĶŪüẰţЩ˼ᡭûˣһʼ

ѹҵģȼˣĶȥĲҴϢÿһγ鶯ʱҵСǸ޴һĦеСˡ
ĸоǿϸµĻյʱǾĸܣɱôǿҵĴ̼ŷʹֱι̵СۣѨǼ˵ĿţìܵĸоҼ޷˼ֻŵĳ̶̡
תŽǶȣ޷ܵĺĳײ
ҳϢҪǿҵĿŪˣ𡭡̫̼ˣ
ҿҪٶȴﵽ߳ʱ׺ݵľ룬ǿĶסңҿʱͣסˣ
Ѩڿٵĳ鶯ڿ޷жϵĲŤȴε޷ƶֻñ˫ĦʵţҺܣͣҡô˵Ĳ̣ҿ촥¼Ŀֹͣ
ڳһֻ֣Ұľסҵķǿ̧ͷ׺ǣǵҴ඼ʹȥҳѪȵζŵͺˣ˵ǲҲôģ
ڼ尾ȴĴԡỬ£ڻҪοʱûСѨﻹ˱ľ޴ôĿôʱң
һֺײ롣
ҼУҲòʴ־ĿοҺܡ
ҵķѹߣ˻ʹࣺңҵģ
ң㲻׼κˣ
ֻֻһˡָ׶Ҫϵļˣţֻ밲ֻ㡣
ĬĴۿҺһŵͷǵҵᣬңסĻң㲻κˣ˭㣬ﲻ׼κκۼ
ֵĽۣ˼ȴͳ̸ȥĻ޺ŽţҰĴӱӭϣ޷˼ֻһһìܵİˡְռС
˿񣬺ˮֿҰޣ޷Ħʲôֻ֪һʲôңĿǰ޷֪

ڶ꣩




㰮

ſʵıУҾ˿ʹţҪˣҪˡѽѽѽ
ǿҵҵСζ߸ߵ𣬶ʵĴҵ˫ȷֵĽǶȣµСѨﻻŽǶȳײҰʱܶĳеײҪˣո˭ҧҲŵҪٿЩģ˵صһ
ҹϸẰһ˼ҵҪˣ˼Ұɡ˼ҹҺúЪϢҪôֺȻ̽ҵĻˣǾ˵ĿοѸٶѻһ߷ӿȥġ̫ĸ߳ȫҪ̱ˣιȥġ
ͷҵĳ鴤ĵЦҪôһҿ˵ţǸŵľ޴ǹ⻬ʪľͷȥĦұŵСˣѱŻ˵Ļ겦¶Сѿǹ̵ľ޴ȥĥ䡣
΢΢ʹ̼ҵ񾭣ҰִЩ΢ʹֱ̫࣬صĿοܻìܵʹÿиӵ˷ܣҪ
ȥӵСֱ׽סƤСɳƵЦţӱܵĳͷô˵ţȻסҵ֣ȥָҲŪĻѿ
ͷ̫̼ˣĳ鴤ţͿҪкЩۻĿˣ
һֻ֣ʪ޳ָסϸܽϵľջųʩѹþδ۰ˣС벻ҪҺúιι
ָȫļխľѨĹָתʱ̲סӿĿУ޺к
ôƯǲǺҪô侲ֵЦָȴǿӲҵСջſ̡˵СҪúιιС𣿡
ҿţȫǿгˢҪҪǰСϵˣԵúѨͻȻʲôǵĸоֵͽƶϸʲôѽƶģ
ְЩʲôʯˣ
˹˶ҵĵˮĻѨĦָϵĹת޵Ѩһһϵˮöˣôιñ㣿
ָһᣬҩ¼ǺСջһЩң
ǰ滨ѨӲǰƶţеָŰҴϢҪǵţҵʵĴϣһȫ̱ˮӵĻ̼ҵ񾭣Ǻû˼Һˡ
Цųֻ֣ķֿҰ۵ΰ꣬Ŀ·˵ϸ۲ҳ鶯ķ졣һʯʪ׵ģ涼˷ܵĿʼˣҪ㣬ǴҰ㣿
չ̣ˮϵĽ֪ҵڵע¸еĲڳ鴤ҧƵʯϸŹĨҩĺҲĿǷ츲صĿοߺʵеҪҰ
ѾòúҪˣİ㲻ڵҵġ
Цãתţֹһߵĳɴ˦϶ϵĴקק˼ʵȣִҵ֣߹ҵͷǳɴһȦһȦҵ˫εϵϡ
е㾪еڴҼ˫ȣŬĶͷס˫֣ҪŻˡ
Ȼóɴһ˰סңһһһͷĴúܸߣҲòֱӣϥǶҪյҡ˼£ǿסҪô棿һ۵ġ
аȵЦȻҲ£˫ȡ
ŵýһԵСѨĳȴǶƶˣοĲƽھƷ˸ĿУᡭӲײĻˡοˡ
ˣۣĹȫȻĳκ˶޷ſġţ˫Ƚҵ˫ȷֿĻȣҼֻųɴŵʱ˫סҵ飬ҵ
ðĸдСԲ̡˵Ŵ̼ҵĻϸϸܲ˵΢üŵͷȥĺסһ飬ʵ˱ĵѾѪͷһֻȫֳ
ʹſο۾ʪۣ޷ǼʹӴĿУԾͦ˫ͣΪ˫ȶûֻİſ~ ޷Ҳ޷ӭϣѹ
ζ˱ţѹҵİֻǼʱòŢ̌ͷ´¶ΪаЦݣ𰡣Сһ֭ʱҪϰ򱶡˵žȻôҵ˫һᣬ˶
ҡͷۡ
ôЦŲͷµҵỨһȥٺȻһţŪɸ״ס÷⼷ָ죬ڰ㼷֭ٳˮҵı
ֱСŪҺ˷ܣ߾ˣõ˱ҵ֭ʱգ˵ˣ
ˣСһȥİҵ˫飬ʪȵҲСӣΪһأҵŮſ죬ҧҶµСÿɰģһ㶼ӡ
ͷСɵĶ۶תʱҼˣ¸ҵĳ鴤İҺаԺͽҵ˫ҵִ˸߳޷ˡֻ֪һֱйҺ壬һһǸҲҪȥˡ
СҧЩǡǸҪȫѨ죬ȻֶסһͣȻ嵽Ϊ۵ӹڣ
ѽѽѽѽѽǿҵĴ̼ƵʶǿŤҪǼĴ̡
ȴʣֲ֪ʱɿұŪú׷ǵ˫飬һǿҵζҵǰ˫ȿļϣһ˫ָǸĲ棬һֱкأ֭СҽôǶµĻ˺ͻѨ˿ǵҷŤˣɳЦŵͷȥеС
Ҽ񣬻δȥĸ߳ӿҰĴ̼֣彩Ӳֳ鴤޷ԼҼУĽ˫ȣ·ͿԵֿǴ̹ǵĿ֣
סＸҪ͸ӹڵʯҪ˱ҵĻˣٰҧݻҧקǵȫ˷ܵˣǿ˵ſŵŪòѪĻˣתҺһֱʲͣСѨ
ҵʶ𽥵Ļָ͸оŻѨҺ塣ıڰУűζ˱գߣôôң
˫ȼ̧ͷʪʪķˮ⣬ҿ첻ֹôϲааüסǸָȻʼת
˫繭ֱӽȶĹŴҹ˼ˣ̰Ŀн޷̫ˡһûȫָ
ʪСûιۿҵַſĻ꣬ȡһʯȥ
ҿܵ׽ֵĳɴҪȥˣҪûŹȥģǣÿµĸо
ҪȻסǡҵͷ£ȴ˺ܾõľ˶һֱŵСջظˡ˵ţʹҵΰֿʹ롣
ѨѾֳſµѹ˦ŷСỵġ
һ£ҽȥҧ͵ȻΪҵ̫ϣҲ̫ܡѹҵĻ˵Ļ꣬ʵİһ»Ѩ䶯壬պСŵ
ɺ֪ɵĻʹĻ˫ȱֱ۹Ŵ󿪣Ҿú߳ܣûа취Ϊ˵ҪǼٵģѾ̵̫ãõ΢òһ£ҾͻΪʪ
еǡüҿŵӢͷǽϵĲλҵĻ۽޿ңԲȥô
ƵģɤЩۡ
ñˣƺǹڱǵĸоҲ¸ҵһЦԵģܳȥһȣԼ˵˶Ļ
ҵ۹ɲǼޱȵͺңˣӵ㡣ͷҵĴģ
޷סֻܽǣеľ쵽һľĿʼٻȺСĶ룬ָо΢Ŀ⣬ѨĦʱǲͬġ߳ʶŤϸӭϵǶȵķ롣
ĺĲϵĦҴڲеļµӲﾡʱѰҵ˷ܵ㣬Ťһ£Ҽǵýۣƺһð
ҧ´ѹɴţȻǰѨʵĲ׽ҵͳʪǾȻʼƵʲһǰƶ·ŵĳַ̣ײĦŻѨÿһ⡣
Ŀʼˡһ㡭ܵľջѾ򿪽ӴĲ룬Ĳֲ̫ѣǰ̼߱ҷǳľ޴Ҳ롣
ӺӿεǰŲұ̼ѾȫʱڽӴĳȫ˽ȥ¿ʼڰҺѨͺסĺ죬ĴָϷḧҵľհ꣬ÿۺɫĻ궼쿴ˣС涼Ҷȥˡ
߳ܵĽϢţҪ˵
ƫҪ˵սҵĳϸϸƷζĿοʱȻĲ룬ܽϣҡͷУҧҵĶأоСôǲǺˬ
ۣϵĳĳЦᡭôľ޴Ӳôʵĺܸܵڳÿ£˵ܵĵطǽڵ޷졭ѽȻϢʼǿĳ鶯ˡ
ˬôСֽСζ̫ˡ
ĻЩȣȻҵСеúޣҳҧסš
Ҵõݱڶϸӭĳײ㡭ÿ鶯ĦһȫĵطǸоֻһƷ
ҼΪȻڽòٱŴľջڰһָӲȥˣ
ˣˡѽѽѽѽѽǸָ׼ȷİס̱һ㣬ָȥŪˣҪҪ
ҪʲôҪʲôС˵һֻҰľסұŪ׶鷿صĦºȻĳ̣˵
Ҫȥˡ˦ΡΡıϸĸ߳û˲䣬޺˫ץסǳɴҽӲųܵ׺ݵĳײָĿٿ棬ѨʯҲԽԽƶ鷿ǵŪĴ̼ҵĸ߳޷ɢֻһһε϶ϡˡ޽ţҾԼһŪߣͿ쵽˱ıԵ
ŪҵӭѾٶȵʱɴֻսҵϸ󣬿ٳصǰײϰѹˣ̡ޣð
͵ţ룬漤ֻܾҴϢڳɴϣСȵǰŲܸ߳ϡ
ҵľѨ˫ȷ£ԹƣѨʯŴİҺҲĴϡ
ϸĿСĳ鴤ЦݣʳָָҵĺѨſľҺһֹֻҵҺ庬˱ЦżѵģֻɴŵңôС
ֵĿҪҵʲôʱ򣿡ˣĹУǵһֱҵҵᱻŪѾʡ
Цޱа񣬡ĶԼɾٽ⿪Σ
һֻΪȻĹ˫ָȥеǵ㣬ͦҰˣҪˣҲиЦĿգֻúŪҺ֪˼ȥѹϢ
ڴ󷢴ȱĽҵ˫֣̱ϵ§˸ұճ˺ӡ͵ңҺ
৵ĺǵһΰѻ˵ôֱӡ
ϣҲ壬ôĿɰңʱֲܳܵı飬ջҺŪȥ
ĸȥ
㰮ңϵҵĴ
̾Ϣˣһˣֱ̧ܲסľſ죬ǣӴЦĻӦҰ㣬㡣




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谮˺ܶգڵȥʱ͸
̺ҵѾ߼糺˫նЦϸϸ˵ŵ˵ĳǼʣ߿ִúİ裬͵ա
Ҹ΢ĵЦΧߵҽЦſЩѾǡ
ȻЩ죬Ůܶ࣬ĵĶУƫƫֻңҵôŵĽ裬ܾ΢΢ˣĿְ
鱾ЦʱͤһĨ޳Ӱģſڣϸſҡ
еѾ߶¸ȥСӡ
̱仵תԴס°һ
ȥеȵģҲͣһѾ£ǰһԥţǺ˻ԭλ˳ĵͷȥ
һ£;ޱȵƺͿɺޡ
ҲأֻɤЩĿζ
üͷƫͷһۣĿŻָƤϹźÿϣ˫˸ĹâҪҵ޳ɣӣɵСкΪǡ
ϳǰԹҴˣ벻Ҫ𣿡
㣬ͷŤȥա
Ĭһ£ҴδƯʧĲǼ¡
һǼƤӾʹջȣ۹ȥҲҲĿŵǿŮ˭ģ
һᣡȻңôӲӲĻش𣬡ûеǲҶռΪС
ˡСһôôҰʡһ£Ҿƽ͵ͣҲҪôôӵĶӣѵǰһͶȥ˸ԭ
һ˿ðԼĺô֡
СţҾҪˣͱˡ
ȴ2 ۸˻ףЦ18꣬ͳףϲˣŶ쵰ϲ˻ң
ü۾ңգҲգϲ׵ǵ˵ģҪҾףм̳ˡ
ϰϲҵ¹ߣһûô飬λߵǰͷŸҴͷˣⱲֻϲ˭ҲҪˣ
ɫ԰Եˣϲ𣿡ͺ
ԣԵĲϲԣ㲻ϲң
ܵҡͷģǸоû취ơ˯ãԲ£һ뵽ؿھҪ޷ôҪϲܣ
ˣǲԣ֪ҺɣҲ֪ҵҪҾҪͷʵʵȢȥҾٰ͵˸ȥ
˫ճȭͷȻŬԼɲԽЩ
üңñӺһ
㵵ĿҰ죬Ȼתͷȥôϲ
ЩǺˣ˵ʲôڳЦҵĺ
æתͷûʲôû˵ĿңۣһŬϲġ˵꣬˫̧סҵһûüʱӡһҵĶͷϣſҡȻ΢΢һЦֻҪҵ
ס׵ĵطлƭҰɣɵۣãȥɡӻ֣ЦҾתȥ
벻ͨôԽԽңеյԼԴֲǵҸҪ뵽ͷʹ
˵˵ɻȥ˵
ǴˣȣסĲӣҡ
еɫƽģŶĵָҷҵĶ˫ָϸϸĴҵĶ
ĸоЦ˵Ҫˣԭ
СĴŵƽʵЩõɫģнҪϲҡ
޲˫ӣңЦ⣬ô
ͷ˭еô⡣Ҽ죬ô²ʲôȥգĵŶ㣬˭ҲҪġ
ͷҵĶ䣬һһ£ȵĺҵĶϣƵɤƣŨŨ飺֪




2

Ļ׼úѸ٣һû͵м죬ûټʱǾһƱѾҴ׼μӻ硣
ֱеĿɿڴıӵϣڵԱߵλãĽСЩֵڴӭ׶飬Ŵ۵ǣŸźͷ߽һе㷴Ӧ
ôҪ׵û죬Ҿ侳ĲμӵĻǲ仯ԾҲ̫һ㣿
˾ƹọ̈̄һüͷ
һֻȵĴֶҵ°ͣ࣬ôˣ㲻ˣ
źܺõĲ졣
ƳߵӢˣͷͻȻˬҸ˵ô꣬ûʽýȢŰǰ󡭡ˣһֱڿ˱˵ĻŷҺ͵֮ƺô衣
ǵĺˣǱԭ
ĸԭҺܲˬߵһԴתȥ
ߵͻȻıŷѹסϲĳ棬ѻȸѾеСѾǹڵأΧһȦĳĪֵĵߡ
ҲǲƳ۵´һϲµȻϷǣʱӲˬȥ
죬ṦɻҵĺϷţϲλãʼڿĸ߽˺󣬸ǾίһԴ˫
Ϣɢȥε̾Ϣ𣬡ôˣ
̧ͷȡӹұϣǲ۵ҡƲƲ죬еջĺߵŰȢӣôûΪԼȢţ
ڵȻ˾ֵŭҪȢޣ
ŭҸŭѵ˾ƨ𣿶ӶôһֻˣѵʣֱջĵѵȢ
ٿۣǳΣյȢ
㲻Ȣîˡ
ΪʲôҪȢͳƣ
죬ûеκȻҪķҵݣ
Ҳںѵͷ˵˵Ը⣿ģӸµĲƽһζŵƿڴ㲻ҪҶӶˣ㻹Ȣң㡢㡢㣡ʵòУ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ʾܾʵı仯ޱȵĴ㵣ǻȻȻ˵գٱǼЦǳ̾Ϣ
վſ˫ۣͳɤεô᲻Ȣ㣿ҵңҵΨһŮҵȻȢ㡣
ܵƾҪҵı۰һҲƭˣģΪʲôʮѹûͷ
ǲݿܵģǿӲĽӵ뻳̾ϢȥĦҵΪ㲻Ҫûҷ͵͵ӵһѾҵˣôȻ·ǴûֿҴӲ׵ڹǣҵģԶǣлûǸĵĻ񡣡
ԭڵǻĶģ
Цͬʱʱ˺ܶࡣһղŵЩߺ죬סĲӣӽľ䣬ֻǿĻ£ҲǹҪġ
Цɽ˱𣬵ҧҵĶһ£ӴֻСҰèһɰúܡڴҲô󵨾ͺˡ
˶ʱӿյȭĽˡ
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ᴭŵĸоҲԾСȴǿҵĸо̫ˡеܡսܺϵѨȴֻܼǸ˶ϸ΢ţ²ȥˡѨһǸϹؿڣĻ￪ʼɧڴĦӲľ˸ȥ
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ͷңü΢΢𣬡ǲ׼úôţ׼ĿԺ벽
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ҵŮ꣩

һ뿪ƹȥ˼˦ѵȴԺ˫ʪʪ۶۷˼˶ãǷ겻ġ
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ҵŮУ

ʱţһһ꣬ҷԼԽԽңϣ鵽ʲôԸΥ
ΪĽ룬ҿĴǲ档
ǰĿ޿䣬ԺսĮԡ
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ƽһΣʶԼں˼룬ûɵģҲǲѣʼ˼ԼǲҲ̫ˣŵ³ĿǰҾ磿᲻
Щֻţ̾ȥЩǿӺŵҩ͵͵ȣҪԼƯòҵϡ
꣬ͷϽĴ󺰣ӣˣεˣ
͵ҷľȥ
ô£ţͼǾۼһãңҵҹȥĺͽҵĿǺܶӣң׾øҩţӰٶֽӲȾκСôͻȻεˣ
ǻһۣͻȻ৵Ĺȥ
üһۣô£
ӣû¡Ϊ׵ĳ϶ʹԴ
ûҶҪȥܷģڵûȺͷ
Ǿŵ嶼ſȥˣС١ֻǡֻǡֻǡ
ʼ˼ҪҪһ߷ǡ
ֻǿˮˣһӴĺ˳
ҲԼĶ䣬ʲô˵ʲô컰
ӣֻǿˮˣЩڳͻȻһһǸŮޣˮǼϲɺص¡Ӽˣǹϲˡ
һۣҧҧ۵ǰȺ֪ͷǣҡ
˵飬Ӱһµĳ鵶һȺͷȫͷٶӴ뿪
̤ڣֱߵңĴǰ԰׵ССףԥһ£Ȼ첻ȥ̽ѵΪӲκ״ҴӲԱ𣬻Ϊ̫ԴһʼͶλǸӣ
Ůû̫ϵֻǲ̫ܵô϶ġӡͻȻˡŮ᲻Ⱥͷƭң
һ£ǽʳָָ£ϸϸϡ
Եı˫ĿһֱΪĶǸŮ֮ǰҵ׶ʲô
ΪԼ۰ӵĵȴԼĺӵԱûŪң֪ˣȻԭҵģ
Ľл
Ҽǻҵƿ۶˫ˮĴۣ͵ĳ鿪֣ת߿УҽܲΰĿ⣬ˣһѹҪģ
ڰ·ϣͷĽʹҵһͣסؿڡ
ôʲôңŮޣôϲңϲԱѡҾȻԴĴ϶£ԶôãһǺҵģһǺҵˣ
Ǹ۲۵Ĵ׳աҪңǶӾͺˡǶӣͲᵼڵΣͲ˰ûԼô죿ҾȻңίô꣬ûˡ
ӣðɣǵĵĵʡ
ɬһЦôãҾȻңѹô꣬ĺңҲ޻˵Ϊҵ̫޴
Լˣ̫ң̫̫šң޵ݰôȥңĵһΪܣһޱȵԹˡ
ҵң޷ԭԼˣҲҲûȥˡ




ҵŮ+1

ǿģΪʲôôƯС˶ᱻһԸ϶ΪǶӣ
ҹǸֻ˵ʱͷϵıĵĴأº͵ҹĹߣңµס˾٣κ˼˶Ķѵ̾ǸǼ˰ɣ
ƫƫҲ֪ʲô˵ģ˵Ƕӡ
ʳָĸĦ۵ף̴̵ҴۣһҲľ쵽ӿǹɿǹɵǶʱҾͲ˵Ŀ
ʱԼңǸӣΣҶԼιס񣬵֪Ǹ۲۵Ůޣ͵Ŀ޷
ΪʲôΪʲô㲻ǸأһҸƽĳɳǻܵӣηĺӡ
һЦȫ»ԼӲˣҲʧܵ˾ˡ
ڸô죿ǿ˯գҵͿʼҪǵļգѾѪҺڣƽŵźҪҸڡ
뾡ӵСС塣
ҲܣΪҵŮΪ˱ңҡ
ң޵Ŀ⣬£ѹ
ʱȻܻϣǸжˡǸӺҲʹ࣬ῴȫ̵ΪҰޡ
䣬ȻжҶģ鶯
ǡǡҵŮξң
˦ת̤ҹɫҹ΢ɢȡҲƷʲô֣ȴ˽ʲô͵޵ʹࡣ֪Ĳʲô޷ȥκһŮйһ뵽ҪŮ˲ҵңҾɱˡ
޼ɵƷϵÿһ缡ѰÿһܣɤǼô۵£
ӡȸ
˫ֱȭڴʹҪȥˮ֬
δֻ֪ҪԼջһƾһжϣ˱һĳȥײԺĻǽ
΢΢ۣתͷӰҲΪңֻΪȡԼƽ͸ϵĹ⣬ĸ˵һ䣬ҶɱУ
̾ϢֻǲԸ鶯ܡ
ͷԾɫ棬ò˵һ֡
֪ڵҾ񱻷һڻ˿ļ̺һ㣬Ҳ·ֻܻż尾֪ĸԸ
̾ϢˣǿҵĸϣΨһϧ˶ġ
ЦԸе鱦֣ҲɱеˣɣΪʲôôأ
Ѿ𽥵Ĳٳǰˡ֪ҶϣԹļÿζҪ˼ܾãʲôȥƵģų˯ҹڻܽӽ
ֻдҹҲų֡
һԲߣҶľ쵽Լġ
ԽԽƯˣҺ¶࿴һۣͻĳԡֻôæĳ֣æ뿪±ҵ˼ޡ
ҲΪңʲô飬ΪΨһܴķˣҪĿ
ҲںʲôѪԵǣں
һܣһΪݸģҸúȥδӣ
ѾһιˣҲԭңһҵɣֻܽݸоأأΩڵҹССķԼȥܰ㡣
С˶ݣϸ壬۵ļ
ĴҼκˮ۵˻´³ӡǡ
Щ΢ıۣĦָϵζ˾˵ۡ
̲ס̺ĴĴһģһôɵϸϸ˵𥣬뽫̽ȥѰԴȪ
Ҳңȷ˯ᱣ֤ĲѣҲҡ
ҲԼһĳԹԵٻصǵļ·ۡ
ֻһһĶϸü£˫ۣССıӣůգĴ°͡
࣬һԼ򢣬ϸС۵ѩ
ÿһ缡͸ջȥ飬ʹࡣ
ÿһҹҶ˵ԼһԸǰĥֻԶԶӰԵɢԥ
ҪôأôˣҲЦݣ˫ۣúÿ˫ĵ˫
ҵҪô˴˵ľ룿
£ܱƷһ˵ġ֪ΪңȻˡ




ҵŮ+2

ҶңҵĹϵ޲ߵʱ򣬸ңĸ˵Ҫȡ
ӺȻһ죬ԭ޷˼
ҪߣҪ뿪ɳڵĳƹȣҪ뿪ҡ
ѵѾǸôʧܵĵԾһ֮ԶԶĶңҵħƣ
ͷԼſ΢΢ġһΣҺܻţ֪ô졣ңˣô죿ִҪ뿪µҸúȥδӣģʧȥҽٹûӣ
ΪʲôΪʲôѾԼ˼ĳ̶ˣҪߣҪôҿԿԼȥ޷뿪ҡ
ͻȻ䣬ȥңԶĽס۶˫ȣҩȥʴǣֻҪңֻҪˡһۣǽң۰飬Լȥ˺ɵĸԼȥ˴ݲ
Ǹɥʧĳ˹ͺˣ׿һй˼ɣĽң̳¸ҲģΪ٣ң뿪ҡ
ɣ񡭡ҳ˴Ӧʲô·أ
ĵȥԡ£ѡ·ʱԥ˺þòſɬЦңԶ֪ÿÿȥ֮ǰҶ˵עԼװòɣ᲻⵽Ϊ˼Χϵҩ㶼ϸڵ˻᲻ϲ
ϧС˶ΪʲôһΥԼԸ߷أ
ɵ
ͷʹѾǺϤˣһѣңסĵط˼춼ĸ߼ܷͤʱȴʹøˡ
ͤӱߵΧʲôʱ򿴼޷޷ƿĿ⡣
ùޱ飬ǲģ˫֮ͤգһѩ׵¹ճߣȫɢŵǵ˸кơ
ѵסڳƹȣѵһסڳƹȣܵ£
Ը⿴һۡ
ۣڱȭҵʹ
ȡģֿţͻƵĸҺ;롣
ͻȻ֣Ҳ䲻ֺȫȻεĻҡ
⣬µôǲһʼҾͲ̫࣬ŮҶȫҵϲôڵңǲǻҸǸʱƿ֣ڵңǲǻ֣ܿȸȰ棬˳ӦԼĿңۣ޷ҿջģôʱ򡭡
ɵô
ȡ̵ظһ飬ȥζԡ
Եҵ絶ؿڵʹ޷Ҳ޷˼뿪չգô߰ɡ
ȥɡ̾Ϣᣬ޷ٶ࿴һֻۣٶȥҸطӲ˺ѵ˿Ѫ
ڷŷӵңǶԻǴ
ججĹһӣʬ⣬֪ԼЩʲô޷ЩΪ֧ҵһĶûˣҳԲ£˯ţ֫һ˼άȫжϣ͵ض·ȫ
һΣҲ֪ԼΪʲô
ǰǶֻ󣬵ҷҿʼ磬еһУԼҵĴڣ塣
ĳΧתۿǵæµȴ֪ô죬ǸðǣҪɱǣ˵ʲôʲô£Ҷ޷֪ҵѾȫˡ
׻ĸĬĬ̺ңѭеĽֹһйҵϢȥǲκ鴫ݸѾ˹ȵң
ãȻ˼ߣΪʲôΪʲôһ˼أģҶڵ״ʼˣȥ
ˣôң᲻ΪҶ᲻ᡭң
ˣô᲻صң
ҵ˵ľ룬ôǼֵܿˡ
ԼİЦԼĴǣжûЦˣʮꣿңץܵǸ֮ұٴʧȥЦ뵽ңӽЩľ
ǵı鼸ǵսľˣӣǧ򲻿ɺ˼밡
ŶһûڣǾ֪ʲôˣתȥǸޱȵ飬ǸҲʮ˰ɣǱ̿ѧ̺ңȥˣҺúչңĸ˸۸
ĿȻĴʹһ뵽ң˵ĻҶʼɵɱȫеˣ
ӡʹƹȹڣڣҪǲˣȻǸȥǶ̺ˡ
ȸӵӭȢӣôȻͬһ̺ͬ
ô򵥾ͺˡ˵ң·Ͼ˸ˡƫͷȥμʿʴԼ࣬ʹΪʲôһֽҵı͸ˣ
׻Ǹ˺Σգһ·ɱ֣ӶҪȥȰ
֪С㹻ˡңĸļ̳ˣ򲻻
СһֱӳƹȣδܹѵǵǲԵΣӾ춯ɡޱȡ
˼壬ĸЦˣѵҪңְϼ£ޣˣˣѾˣٶΪңЩΣʹ࣬Ҷˡ




ҵŮ+3

ҹ㾲ªڿŶղңۣĵطסǶί˯˵գ̲ס̾ϢˣǾҪҶȥԲĲںɣ
ɫף֪ѾһˣһҪȥĵطȥһǲԸȥζʲᡣ
ϣңԶǸССңʱٵһΣҾƿ֣̫޴ˣʲԱƽϣҵŮںȥȡ⣡
֣һĸȥҲܡﲻȳƹȣûд˯ѵҩֻܰĿܰĿȥ
ۣľڼʱ򲻼ֻ֡ΪĲԶ˯ˡģҾȻʼǸ˳ңǰҲҰɣ᲻ҵˣ᲻ϸϣ᲻ᡭһϲң
̾ϢˣǼҧԼ겻š
ɵþãž߿ӣȴԼ°ڲ֪ʲʱС־סˣ΢΢ˣжõʱ⣬ûץҵ·
ҵĴ
Сĵȥֿϸ۵ָĸоջ̲סͷȥõָһůұĴң²عȥԶٷˣ
ȻһܺСǡ֡
Ҿϲ֪ģ˵Ŀ֡ңЦϵĸ˵ӣҿ̫õĸ¶
ңҵңҵıҵġţĴշת˱ֱԼ̫õ΢ǵƿأ̰Ľ̽΢СĦС࣬ȵĿǻ
ӿϯȥȫʼðϸ΢ĺ֪Ҹֹͣˣ޷ǸճͷҪѾҪȫʹȥٶƷһᣬٶһЩ䡭
ò˱ҵԼʶסң飬ĸоõҪʧȥˣ
Ȼģķݵǵ̺Ĵ͵ľѣѸٳ鿪Ǳתӵ뿪̫Ļ谵ռ䡣
ҹסҵȸ䡣
üܵĽͷļѣ͵͵Ҫ죡Ҳڵ޷ȴţȫʹĿҺҪ뽫ҲĿǽСů壬ѰҶʧģѰҷѵǸҡ
ӣȥҸŮ˰ɡϧ
Ĺڵأ˫ȭ棬ֻ˵Ұ˻ҲҪŮˣҪңҪֻҪң˭Ҫ
Ϊʲᰮһ˻ʹ࣡ԲҪˣҪˣҲҪˣ
֪
ֻܰĲ֣Ҳ֡ٿİãһ΢ķһЩڿȻϮ·ŵøεѣ޷˼ĳȥյɳ
ҵһ˫ס
ϸܰ㣬߽ҵ壬ȫȻҸƲķӦٳֻسƹȰɣΪʲһҪڰӵ˻ʱ򻹷ߣ
𾪵Ļңļˮű˼ҡֳǹ̵ʹҧʮֵǿԼӿ֪ʲᣬ֪ҵʲ嶯޵۹⿴Ұɣ
ΪʲҲܶӶľὫӣڳƹȣԶټգһӣӵĲ֡
ʹɤ͵Ц˵ɱҵĲпỰ벻ҪһŮ
ԺȻŷ񱩵ŭܵתͷȥ½ȭͷʧصĳнң˵ɱˣ
Ҫˣ죿죿
ȸ˵ңǸˣҲļʱˣЦǣʹһڿΨһŮҵң
Ѹס´ҧأԼ򾲣׼һѽӹӯҵĸǳأûչ˺ԼԾԽԽĹâԽԽľľ
ңɫǲҰ׵ģǳü޷֪̽
Žϴ齣ұ˱ۣЦˣҵңѾصߣһΣҲ޷ٴ߶ߣ




ҵŮ+1

ȴһʹ¡ΪѾϰ˵ȴϰûңȴҲ֪ӵʱ򣬵ȴȴΪʹࡣ
ֻΪĳ˯ѣֻΪ״Ҿġ
ɫ԰ףЩ΢ѣϸüǵǳ
ҵҽܴﵽʲ̶ұֻҪ룬޷ˣΪʲΪʲ᣿
ҵľãڿüͿЩһֱȴţǲΪҵĸ࣬Ծңò׻صߣ컹ĳͷңӵ
ѹɣ˯̫ˣõʱʱ̿ҶûûкõоʹκҪҡ
ΪʲصҵʱһӵʹࣿѵûŬ޷õҸõ
˯ȼ˳˯ҩʱޱȵ۰ɵӣ֪޷ӦҲҸ֪ˣǻˣΪʲһ̰Ҫࣿ
ĵͷȥңҵıңҵҪأ
ʮպҹԼҵҪ죿״𲽵޸壬鲻ԸѣΪʲ᣿ΪǸģΪ֪ߵң
ۣƲסԼĺ˼롣
ɣҵĴڰɣΪԸⲻһеĸԸȡҵκУ帿Ըңǵңֻٿۣ˫ۣ
飬ֻǲ֪ٿʼ᲻Ц
ЦۿңȻƼĽëһ¡
Ȼסп᣿
ܻܻƿ˫ۡ
һɲǣᣬźҵĿϲȴԼβܶģӲ֣Ķˣˣ۽ʲ£ҶˣˣҾˣ
СĲãӦʹҷֻһЩûҪ뻳ͷ˿ۺЦ⣬ԭļ򵥣ֻҪңҴֿɼĵطҿõӵִĵط
ƫͷң˫ڵӡң˵Į
Һһϣǲҵıɺ޳ˡǲһƿңǳҵҹǲǡ
ɤǷƱĴİ飺λ
ĺݺݵһǲԭңǺҵģȻҶԸϣģңңңҲװʶң᲻˴᲻ᡭ
ϸĽͷᣬǿ΢Цһ£תۣһȰԼ룬϶˯̫ãӻѵԵʣ̵ҵͱһеģģ
߳ݣɨغģźңĸΨһŮ˽ȥŽӿϴִͷǴ۵⣬ؿڱѹ³
ǸЦңѣǸóŪĮȻԶԣ
ҵ̫ɹҵ󣬱ŷңѣڸлͬʱ޷ʹࣿɡΣˣ۵ģҲ۵ġ
ǺǣϾˡ
£ҵĴڣ£µʵ˺ѷΣվˣٲΪпܵһ




ҵŮ+2

һ¿ģת²ڣһе׼ӭңκηӦ
ССӣľĶԻἰҵʱۣҿ͸תģûκηеġ
΢΢ȸԾǲ֮ǰһжҵĻþңʵһҲųңʵһлģ
ȴģССϣ˭Ĵ򣿡
֪Ҳǿģһ̲ס˿ڣ㲻ǵˣңֻǲǣֻΪԲŹ˵
ңǲǣ˫ڲֻܱȥճȭһʧصǰסССļͷҡΣҪ˵ң֪
֪ҪκֻֻԣͿ԰˺Ѫ죿
ȻǸڲ֪ʲʱңҵƺң㲻ͱ졣
ǵңΪʲҵʱڿһȫİˣҾġΪʲҪִװʶң
һǰ˫Ưǲ׽ŪǲֻںˣǲֻǲֻڿЦûУȫȻᣬû˿УûжҵУûжԡС
Ҵ᣿һǴ᣿̫߹ԼĿеĵλ߹ҵĿس̶ȣһж飬֪һж飬죿죿
˵ʲᣬֻǺʣξң
Ǹ̳ҵϣȡ۰ȥξң
᣿ǣҵңҰ͵ңֵȥˣҵңأ
˵ĵҶʱȥŭһ޷˼ˣҿңҵİ˿Ҫ죿
ϵĮȻԶһֱ񾭶ѣҲ޷Լ־סСС°ͣ˫µĺУٴκϣѰҵӰҪ滨ңΪ˭Ҫˣңֻ棬ֻںѣòãң㣬ҲãŭҲãӱҲãǲҪҵİ˿ĵǰ˰
ĻӦҴڵҡ
ӺȻˣɲǼ䣬޷˼Ҳ޷жһҪʲᡣ
ңǲǣңģૣϸȴûб٣ȻÿЦȻþ꣬ҵڸʲ᣿
ˣһУȡľ᣿
ңҪҵĹҡȻʧ᣿
䣬ңԵ׽סɿҪʶĶ㿪ˡҪٶҶ䣬ҵĳܲסһ͸ĵӴҵʲ
ֵ̧סףҲ֪Цʲᡣ
ȵģʲҺʪġ
ҵңָ们ȥˣ׽ѣԵĶ
ҵңṆ̀ʹʹҾֲ֪졣
ˣһжȻ̣ҵһУĨɱˣʲᶼˡ
ᣬҸúȥδأ
ܺȥδأ
ɡ֪˭ڶ˵
Һͷĺ롣ǲǣˣһжܣһжʹɡ
ͷЦſԼ˫ʶĸңıӰ
ҵѾΪѡ˵·Ҳ
һֱܾңỨѸȥң½ǺܹƽģҲ
ңԸңҿԭң½ҡ
ңңҾһеεΡ
ֻҪָ˴ǰһУᡭң᲻пܻᰮң᲻ᡭ
ģңϲŵǵɼܸţһ۵С飬̬·صǰص֮ǰҲȥģֻҪ뿪㲻ˣᷢװʶңǲǵҵ顣
ΪʲҾһٴأ
ԶʯϣǲңԺ;ڲǲңΪٴεڵѧʶң㲻˼ֺɻҵĸӵ顣
Ȼתͷҡ
һϣҲ֪˵ʲᣬ˫ĮȻһʹؿǸ١֪ҸøѣҿƲסİԶԵ̬µܡһ£˻ǲԸң
ǡξϵĺѣ㣬ġĿ￴ǼǵҵĴڵģȴƫƫˣᣬᰲԼݣ᣿
ᣬΪЩŪİͷϣȫȻԱҪͼӽңʲᶼûУҵĹϵҲΣŸƹӵͷΰˡ
һ仰ԭء
ۣһ˲䣬Ȼٿ
ӱԼԭҲң˾޴˺᣿һζĳҵУȴ֪ңĸоĸܡֻ֪ӣֻ֪Լֻ֪Ŀȴ֪ȻΪǺġ
ΪҺûйϵΪԼǸųͷεļ̳˶ѣ
Ҹ⣬Ǹٹ̡
ԭȴĲԸϵıĹ£Ĺµ׫дȴǡǡǲԵҡ
ԭΪǺǡ
Բ𡣡ҪܱҵĻںޣĶʳζٿɬҲ˵Щʲᡣڳ˾ܵĶãһЩʲأ
ЦǣҾȻңԭңңᰮҡ




˻ʲӵأ

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ҰοеҲֻǼ࣬˭֪ʱȥֻɶģĺܲġ
ģԽ鶪ȥſͤеͤӵ±̵ĺˮ죿Ĳں͵మֺ͵ᣬ̸ѡ
Ϊģһ̸ֺ
ˣȴ޷ɢͷƣǺˮһȻվȹӣ˾ȥ
ͨˮܴζˮһҲܴ󣬵Ҳܣֻרĵ͸ĵ͸Լÿһ缡ǽˬĺˮ
ģȥȴҲ붯Ҳ̰Ƿݱ
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ˮڶ궯ĺˮǣҺ͵ȴڷ̣ĥǼʵ壬ҵĹĶΪȣҲΪ޷
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ģɰɳƵЦͳջ谮
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ҧס´ҡͷԸߵ˵ΣԸõ֪а˼룬Ͼ˽ӴȴȫơǱ̵̫ãĺ
ͽһԸȥˣڵȫıУҺĵʲôҲûģֻĽţҰ㡣·žͿԾ߳ܵңң̫˺ˡ
û׷ʣֻЦŰҵĻֱٶ˯⡣
˯ǰԺﲻֹ̫۵룬ΣӦòٳ˰ɣ

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